Type D personality and hemodynamic reactivity to laboratory stress in women

A tale of two mechanisms: A meta‐analytic approach toward understanding the autonomic basis of cardiovascular reactivity to acute psychological stress

“…Given that HR and BP are multiply determined end points, variations in upstream reactions are unlikely to be entirely colinear with variations in HR and BP and may provide stronger predictions of health outcomes. Finally, given that cardiovascular reactivity has been shown to relate to distinct psychological constructs such as personality (Howard, Hughes, & James, ; Krantz & Manuck, ; Vitaliano, Russo, Bailey, Young, & McCann, ) and psychopathology (Carroll et al., ; Ginty et al., ), research assessing the relationship between psychological factors and physiological mechanisms would be informative.…”

Association of Type D personality with the autonomic and hemodynamic response to the cold pressor test

“…Smoking was included as a covariate, because of previously established associations with Type D personality (Gilmour & Williams, 2012), blood pressure (Al-Safi, 2005;Flouris, Faught, & Klentrou, 2008), and heart rate (Al-Safi, 2005). Sex was included as a covariate and interaction factor, due to known differences in the physiological response to cold stress (Hogarth, Mackintosh, & Mary, 2007), as well as known sex differences in the physiological response of Type D individuals to active stressors (Habra, et al, 2003;Howard et al, 2011;Williams et al, 2009).…”

“…The chronic experience of emotional distress may disrupt major biological regulatory systems, such as the autonomic nervous system in Type D individuals, potentially resulting in the reported increased incidence of coronary heart disease and the reported premature cardiovascular mortality. Previous studies on Type D personality and cardiovascular reactivity have shown an altered heart rate and blood pressure response to acute mental stress in healthy individuals (Habra, Linden, Anderson, & Weinberg, 2003;Howard, Hughes, & James, 2011; as well as in cardiac patients (Kupper, Denollet, Widdershoven, & Kop, 2013). Moreover, Type D personality has been associated with a higher likelihood of experiencing ventricular arrhythmias, a sign of a chronically more active sympathetic nervous system, during 24-hr electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring in healthy individuals (Einvik et al, 2012).…”

“…In addition, there might be sex differences in the relation between Type D personality and the response to stress. Sex differences have been documented in previous studies employing active stressor paradigms (Habra et al, 2003;Howard et al, 2011;Williams et al, 2009), although comparisons across studies are complicated because of differences in sample characteristics such as age, physiological measurements, experimental design, and statistical approach. Sex differences have also been found for the physiologic response to the cold pressor task (Wu, Snieder, & de Geus, 2010), and may therefore be worth investigating in the context of potential risk mediators such as physiological stress reactivity.…”

An experimental investigation into cardiovascular, haemodynamic and salivary alpha amylase reactivity to acute stress in Type D individuals

“…With respect to other haemodynamic parameters, Williams, O'Carroll, and O'Connor, (2009) showed Type D was related to increased cardiac output (CO) in response to stress in males. Whereas, Howard et al, (2011) found that a group of Type D females exhibited a myocardial haemodynamic profile in response to a stressor. Type Ds have also shown an increase in vascular responding (O 'Leary et al, 2013) and exaggerated haemodynamic responses to a cold pressor task (Kupper, Pelle, and Denollet, 2013).…”