Two short forms of the Agnew Relationship Measure: The ARM-5 and ARM-12

Cahill, Jane; Stiles, William B.; Barkham, Michael; Hardy, Gillian E.; Stone, G. M.; Agnew-Davies, Roxane; Unsworth, Gisela

doi:10.1080/10503307.2011.643253

Cited by 66 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The scale evaluates the overall therapeutic alliance with 3 subcomponents: bond and partnership, confidence (defined as the confident collaboration between patient and therapist), and openness (defined as “the felt freedom to disclose and reveal personal material without fear of censure or embarrassment”) [32]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Therapeutic Relationship in E-Therapy for Mental Health: A Systematic Review

Sucală¹,

Schnur²,

Constantino³

et al. 2012

J Med Internet Res

295

227

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BackgroundE-therapy is defined as a licensed mental health care professional providing mental health services via e-mail, video conferencing, virtual reality technology, chat technology, or any combination of these. The use of e-therapy has been rapidly expanding in the last two decades, with growing evidence suggesting that the provision of mental health services over the Internet is both clinically efficacious and cost effective. Yet there are still unanswered concerns about e-therapy, including whether it is possible to develop a successful therapeutic relationship over the Internet in the absence of nonverbal cues.ObjectiveOur objective in this study was to systematically review the therapeutic relationship in e-therapy.MethodsWe searched PubMed, PsycINFO, and CINAHL through August 2011. Information on study methods and results was abstracted independently by the authors using a standardized form.ResultsFrom the 840 reviewed studies, only 11 (1.3%) investigated the therapeutic relationship. The majority of the reviewed studies were focused on the therapeutic alliance—a central element of the therapeutic relationship. Although the results do not allow firm conclusions, they indicate that e-therapy seems to be at least equivalent to face-to-face therapy in terms of therapeutic alliance, and that there is a relationship between the therapeutic alliance and e-therapy outcome.ConclusionsOverall, the current literature on the role of therapeutic relationship in e-therapy is scant, and much more research is needed to understand the therapeutic relationship in online environments.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Therapeutic Relationship in E-Therapy for Mental Health: A Systematic Review

Sucală¹,

Schnur²,

Constantino³

et al. 2012

J Med Internet Res

295

227

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Primary treatment targets were identified collaboratively with client participants by questionnaire and at interview. The CORE‐10 (Barkham et al., ) was completed by participants prior to every therapy session, and the CORE‐ARM (Cahill et al., ) was completed at the end of every therapy session.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Telepsychology in a University Psychology Clinic Setting: A Pilot Project

Simpson

Guerrini

Rochford

2015

Australian Psychologist

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Objective:The focus of the present study was to investigate levels of psychological distress and therapeutic alliance rated by clients attending psychological therapy sessions via video therapy or in person at a university psychology-training clinic. Method: Participants were 23 clients who had completed at least five therapy sessions with a provisional psychologist on placement in a university psychology clinic. Six of these attended sessions via videoconferencing in Port Augusta and 17 were local clients who attended traditional in-person sessions. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were utilised in order to identify perceptions of and reactions to video therapy as described by participants. Results: Reported levels of psychological distress across sessions were within the clinical range and similar across both video therapy and in-person settings, with no statistical differences between the groups. Equally high levels of therapeutic alliance were established across both settings. Participants' experiences of video therapy were further explored under five main themes identified through content analysis: Initial Reactions and Adjustments, Factors Affecting Communication, Perceived Effectiveness, Therapeutic Alliance, and Practical Factors. Conclusions: Findings suggest video therapy provided by provisional psychologists represents a feasible and acceptable means by which rural residents can access psychological treatments in the Australian context. S Simpson et al. Telepsychology in a university psychology clinic Australian Psychologist 50 (2015) 285-291

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“…We know of two other "ultra-brief" alliance inventories, the Agnew Relationship Measure -5 (ARM-5; Cahill et al, 2012) and the Session Rating Scale (Duncan et al, 2003). Like the SAI, both of these are very brief (5 and 4 items, respectively) and focus on the current session, although the Session Rating Scale is intended more as a clinical tool than as a research instrument.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and validation of a 6-item working alliance questionnaire for repeated administrations during psychotherapy.

Falkenström¹,

Hatcher²,

Skjulsvik³

et al. 2015

Psychological Assessment

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Recently, researchers have started to measure the working alliance repeatedly across sessions of psychotherapy, relating the working alliance to symptom change session-by-session. Responding to questionnaires after each session can become tedious, leading to careless responses and/or increasing levels of missing data. Therefore, assessment with the briefest possible instrument is desirable. Because previous research on the Working Alliance Inventory has found the separation of the Goal and Task factors problematic, the present study examined the psychometric properties of a 2-factor, 6-item working alliance measure, adapted from the Working Alliance Inventory, in three patient samples (N = 1095, 235, and 234). Results showed that a bifactor model fit the data well across the three samples, and the factor structure was stable across ten sessions of primary care counseling/psychotherapy. Although the bifactor model with one general and two specific factors outperformed the one-factor model in terms of model fit, dimensionality analyses based on the bifactor model results indicated that in practice the instrument is best treated as unidimensional. Results support the use of composite scores of all six items. The instrument was validated by replicating previous findings of session-by-session prediction of symptom reduction using the Autoregressive Latent Trajectory model. The 6-item working alliance scale, called the Session Alliance Inventory, is a promising alternative for researchers in search for a brief alliance measure to administer after every session. The working alliance concerns the quality of the collaborative relationship between therapist and patient in the process of psychotherapy, and has been studied extensively as a predictor of psychotherapy outcome (e.g. Horvath, Del Re, Fluckiger, & Symonds, 2011). Most studies to date have relied upon a single alliance measurement early in treatment to predict outcome in the form of symptom relief or improvement in functioning at the end of treatment.Lately, however, more complex models of the alliance-outcome relationship have been used: in a small number of studies, the alliance has been measured after each psychotherapy session and this measure was used to predict symptom change to the next session (Crits-Christoph, Gibbons, Hamilton, Ring-Kurtz, & Gallop, 2011;Falkenström, Granström, & Holmqvist, 2013;Hoffart, Øktedalen, Langkaas, & Wampold, 2013;Tasca & Lampard, 2012).The working alliance is usually measured using self-report instruments, most commonly filled out by the patient. In contrast to observer methods for measuring the working alliance, questionnaires tend to focus not just on the current session, but on the quality of the alliance so far in treatment. This means that when the alliance is measured after session three, questions focus not just on the quality of the alliance in session three, but on the quality of the alliance from treatment start up to and including session three. This makes sense in studies where the alliance is measured ju...

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Two short forms of the Agnew Relationship Measure: The ARM-5 and ARM-12

Cited by 66 publications

References 38 publications

The Therapeutic Relationship in E-Therapy for Mental Health: A Systematic Review

The Therapeutic Relationship in E-Therapy for Mental Health: A Systematic Review

Telepsychology in a University Psychology Clinic Setting: A Pilot Project

Development and validation of a 6-item working alliance questionnaire for repeated administrations during psychotherapy.

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