Two-photon imaging of chronically implanted neural electrodes: Sealing methods and new insights

Kozai, Takashi D. Y.; Eles, James R.; Vazquez, Alberto L.; Cui, Xinyan Tracy

doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2015.10.007

Cited by 89 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Astroglial reactivity around the implant leads to increased expression of connexon-43 (Cx43), an astroglial hemichannel and gap junction known to facilitate the spread of inflammation 31–33 . In turn, inflammation leads to the recruitment of blood-borne monocytes and neutrophils through the intact BBB, and to the formation of multinucleated giant cells 34 . In addition, this inflammation alters the expression level of matrix metalloproteinases, together leading to further breakdown of the BBB and facilitating the influx of blood-serum proteins, red blood cells and leukocytes 26 .…”

Section: Astrocytic Responses To Device Insertionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pericytes and NG2-glia have also gained recent attention because of their suggested reparative potential following injury 222–226 . Also, blood-borne myeloid cells (such as monocytes and leukocytes) can infiltrate on BBB disruption, and their involvements around devices have been investigated and discussed elsewhere 34,36 . The foreign-body response to neural implants has been comprehensively discussed in refs 26,35,156 .…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Glial responses to implanted electrodes in the brain

et al. 2017

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The use of implants that can electrically stimulate or record electrophysiological or neurochemical activity in nervous tissue is rapidly expanding. Despite remarkable results in clinical studies and increasing market approvals, the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of neuroprosthetic and neuromodulation devices, as well as their side effects and reasons for their failure, remain poorly understood. A major assumption has been that the signal-generating neurons are the only important target cells of neural-interface technologies. However, recent evidence indicates that the supporting glial cells remodel the structure and function of neuronal networks and are an effector of stimulation-based therapy. Here, we reframe the traditional view of glia as a passive barrier, and discuss their role as an active determinant of the outcomes of device implantation. We also discuss the implications that this has on the development of bioelectronic medical devices.

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Section: Astrocytic Responses To Device Insertionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glial responses to implanted electrodes in the brain

et al. 2017

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“…It would be highly desirable to chronically record from the same neuronal population using implanted electrodes together with different chronic Ca 2+ imaging techniques. While certainly challenging, a recent study demonstrated that this should be technically feasible [93]. Without further quantification of the measurement idiosyncrasies of different recording techniques, relative measures of variability (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variance and invariance of neuronal long-term representations

Clopath

Bonhoeffer

Hübener

et al. 2017

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

128

150

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The brain extracts behaviourally relevant sensory input to produce appropriate motor output. On the one hand, our constantly changing environment requires this transformation to be plastic. On the other hand, plasticity is thought to be balanced by mechanisms ensuring constancy of neuronal representations in order to achieve stable behavioural performance. Yet, prominent changes in synaptic strength and connectivity also occur during normal sensory experience, indicating a certain degree of constitutive plasticity. This raises the question of how stable neuronal representations are on the population level and also on the single neuron level. Here, we review recent data from longitudinal electrophysiological and optical recordings of single-cell activity that assess the long-term stability of neuronal stimulus selectivities under conditions of constant sensory experience, during learning, and after reversible modification of sensory input. The emerging picture is that neuronal representations are stabilized by behavioural relevance and that the degree of long-term tuning stability and perturbation resistance directly relates to the functional role of the respective neurons, cell types and circuits. Using a ‘toy’ model, we show that stable baseline representations and precise recovery from perturbations in visual cortex could arise from a ‘backbone’ of strong recurrent connectivity between similarly tuned cells together with a small number of ‘anchor’ neurons exempt from plastic changes.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Integrating Hebbian and homeostatic plasticity’.

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“…To catch cellular and vascular dynamics, and correlates changes of tissue characteristics to recording performance in real time, various in vivo live imaging approaches have been developed. Two-photon microscopy (TPM) has been used to visualize vascular damage and remodeling, microglial polarization and migration [48, 49], or shape and activity of the neurons around electrode devices [20, 50] before and after electrode array insertion and over extended periods of time. Compared to technologies like MRI and microCT, multi-photon microscopy offers high spatial resolution for resolving cellular processes, sufficient temporal resolution for tracking calcium activity, and ample cell type specific labeling (Capabilities of various imaging modality is summarized in Table 2).…”

Section: Methodology Development For Characterizing the Interfacementioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in neural electrode–tissue interfaces

Woeppel

Yang

Cui

2017

Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering

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Neurotechnology is facing an exponential growth in the recent decades. Neural electrode-tissue interface research has been well recognized as an instrumental component of neurotechnology development. While satisfactory long-term performance was demonstrated in some applications, such as cochlear implants and deep brain stimulators, more advanced neural electrode devices requiring higher resolution for single unit recording or microstimulation still face significant challenges in reliability and longevity. In this article, we review the most recent findings that contribute to our current understanding of the sources of poor reliability and longevity in neural recording or stimulation, including the material failure, biological tissue response and the interplay between the two. The newly developed characterization tools are introduced from electrophysiology models, molecular and biochemical analysis, material characterization to live imaging. The effective strategies that have been applied to improve the interface are also highlighted. Finally, we discuss the challenges and opportunities in improving the interface and achieving seamless integration between the implanted electrodes and neural tissue both anatomically and functionally.

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Two-photon imaging of chronically implanted neural electrodes: Sealing methods and new insights

Cited by 89 publications

References 59 publications

Glial responses to implanted electrodes in the brain

Glial responses to implanted electrodes in the brain

Variance and invariance of neuronal long-term representations

Recent advances in neural electrode–tissue interfaces

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