Two-Pass Friction Stir Welding of Cladded API X65

Lessa, Cleber Rodrigo de Lima; Landell, Renan Mensch; Bergmann, Luciano; Santos, Jorge F. dos; Kwietniewski, Carlos Eduardo Fortis; Reguly, Afonso; Klusemann, Benjamin

doi:10.1016/j.promfg.2020.04.311

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…However, this aspect goes beyond the focus of this study and will therefore not be considered further. To demonstrate the capability of the employed clamping system in producing sound joints in clad pipes, two different process parameters were investigated in this study, selected based on previous work on X65 steel sheets clad by welding overlay with Inconel 625 4 . In this previous work, the force was varied between 60 and 40 kN, leading to good joints.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this context, the usage of carbon steel pipes clad in a corrosion resistant alloy (CRA) has proven to be a suitable option to meet design requirements at low manufacturing costs 1 – 3 . However, pipeline welding currently used by the oil and gas industry, such as fusion-based welding, often involves high temperatures and can cause metallurgical issues owing to dissimilar joints (e.g., clad pipes), thus resulting in solidification cracking, hard microstructures at the interface, high tensile residual stresses and excessive carbon diffusion that may compromise the joint performance 4 , 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Feasibility of orbital friction stir welding on clad pipes of API X65 steel and Inconel 625

Amavisca

Bergmann

Lessa

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Orbital friction stir welding (FSW) has been applied to clad pipes, which is certainly of interest to the oil and gas industry. In this context, an FSW system capable of performing sound joints in one pass with full tool penetration was developed. Orbital FSW was executed in 6 mm thick API X65 PSL2 steel clad pipes with 3 mm thick Inconel 625 using a polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (pcBN) tool. The metallurgical and mechanical properties of the joints were investigated. Sound joints with axial forces of 45–50 kN, tool rotational speeds of 400–500 rpm, and a welding speed of 2 mm/s were obtained, illustrating that the developed system can perform FSW joints without volumetric defects.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of orbital friction stir welding on clad pipes of API X65 steel and Inconel 625

Amavisca

Bergmann

Lessa

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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show abstract

“…Lessa et al [20] presented friction stir welding (FSW) to an API X65 steel cladded with alloy 625. In their study, Laves and Nb rich MC carbides were found in the cladding layer.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating an API X65 steel pipe cladded with alloy 625

Knerek¹,

Lemos²,

Voort³

et al. 2021

Tecnol. Metal. Mater. Min.

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Pipes (rigid risers and flowlines) are employed to transport oil and gas from the wells to the platforms. In these pipes, the fluids can be very corrosive and, therefore, corrosion-resistant alloys (CRA) must be chosen. Alloy 625 is a well-known CRA with improved corrosion resistance. However, nickel-based alloys have high cost compared to that of the low alloy steels, thus pipes entirely made of CRA are economically unfeasible. Internal coating with a thin CRA layer is a less expensive and suitable alternative than the solid CRA. An internal coating by overlay manufacturing process can induce phase transformations at the interface. In this work, an alloy 625 cladding layer was deposited in an API X65 steel substrate with an automatic weld overlay system using gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process (often referred to as tungsten inert gas (TIG) hotwire). Thus, this study aims at evaluating an API X65 steel pipe cladded with alloy 625. The results show a suitable nickel-based alloy overlay deposited in an API X65 carbon steel substrate.

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“…However, pipeline welding processes currently used by the oil and gas industry, such as fusion-based welding, often involve high temperatures and can cause metallurgical issues owing to dissimilar joints (e.g. clad pipes), thus resulting in solidi cation cracking, hard interfacial regions, high tensile residual stresses and excessive carbon diffusion that may compromise the joint performance [4], [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of Orbital Friction Stir Welding on Clad Pipes of Api X65 Psl 2 Steel and Inconel 625

Amavisca

Bergmann

Lessa

et al. 2023

Preprint

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In this work, orbital friction stir welding (Orbital FSW) has been now developed in clad pipes, which is certainly of interest to the oil and gas industry. In this context, a system capable of performing sound joints in one pass with full tool penetration was developed. Therefore, orbital FSW was executed in clad pipes of 6 mm thick API X65 PSL2 steel and a 3 mm thick Inconel 625 with a polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (pcBN) tool. Furthermore, the metallurgical properties of the welded joints were investigated and discussed. Sound joints with axial forces of 45–50 kN, rotational speed of 400–500 rpm and welding speed of 2 mm/s were obtained, proving that the developed system can perform joints by orbital FSW without volumetric defects.

show abstract

Two-Pass Friction Stir Welding of Cladded API X65

Cited by 7 publications

References 20 publications

Feasibility of orbital friction stir welding on clad pipes of API X65 steel and Inconel 625

Feasibility of orbital friction stir welding on clad pipes of API X65 steel and Inconel 625

Investigating an API X65 steel pipe cladded with alloy 625

Feasibility of Orbital Friction Stir Welding on Clad Pipes of Api X65 Psl 2 Steel and Inconel 625

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