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Albuja, Analia F.; West, Alexandria L.; Gaither, Sarah E.

doi:10.1017/9781009202695

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 384 publications

(592 reference statements)

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“…However, categorizing people who do not look like typical members of a racial group (i.e., racially ambiguous individuals) can follow unique patterns (Wilkins et al., 2010). Although not all Biracial people (people with parents of different racial backgrounds; Nishina & Witkow, 2020) are racially ambiguous, this population often blurs singular identity frameworks, influencing categorization differentially (Albuja et al., 2022; Chen, 2019; Pauker et al., 2018). Children and adults often categorize racially ambiguous others consistent with hypodescent and/or ingroup overexclusion (IOE) patterns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypodescent or ingroup overexclusion?: Children's and adults’ racial categorization of ambiguous black/white biracial faces

Albuja,

Muñoz,

Kinzler

et al. 2023

Developmental Science

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Two processes describe racially ambiguous Black/White Biracial categorization—the one‐drop rule, or hypodescent, whereby racially ambiguous people are categorized as members of their socially subordinated racial group (i.e., Black/White Biracial faces categorized as Black) and the ingroup overexclusion effect, whereby racially ambiguous people are categorized as members of a salient outgroup, regardless of the group's status. Without developmental research with racially diverse samples, it is unclear when these categorization patterns emerge. Study 1 included White, Black, and racially diverse Biracial children (aged 3‐ to 7‐years) and their parents to test how racial group membership and social context influence face categorization biases. To provide the clearest test of hypodescent and ingroup overexclusion, White participants came from majority White neighborhoods and Black participants from majority Black neighborhoods (with Biracial participants from more racially diverse neighborhoods)—two samples with prominent racial ingroups. Study 2 aimed to replicate the parent findings with a separate sample of White, Black, Black/White Biracial, and Asian adults. Results suggest the ingroup overexclusion effect is present across populations early in development and persists into adulthood. Additionally, categorization was meaningfully related to parental context, pinpointing a pathway that potentially contributes to ingroup overexclusion.RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTSWhite, Black, and racially diverse Biracial children and adults tended to categorize racially ambiguous Black/White Biracial faces as racial outgroup members, even if the outgroup was White.This contradicts most work arguing Black/White Biracial racially ambiguous people are more often seen as Black.Children and parents’ categorizations were related, though children's categorizations were not related to socialization above and beyond parents’ categorizations.Children showed similar categorization patterns across dichotomous and continuous measures.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypodescent or ingroup overexclusion?: Children's and adults’ racial categorization of ambiguous black/white biracial faces

Albuja,

Muñoz,

Kinzler

et al. 2023

Developmental Science

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“…In this work, we define culture as a system of perspectives (e.g., norms, values, beliefs) that are shared and passed down by members of a social group (Albuja et al, 2022), and define race as a social structure referring to groups of individuals based on their biological characteristics that are perceived to be inherent (Roth et al, 2023). Generally, race has often been used as one indicator of culture (along with ethnicity or nationality) and viewed as a part of culture (Albuja et al, 2022). In the current research, we focus on intercultural couples, which involve people from different cultural backgrounds and include interracial couples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Through the cultural looking glass: Diversity ideologies and cultural sharing in intercultural romantic relationships

Naeimi,

West,

Muise

et al. 2023

Journal of Social and Personal Relationships

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Intercultural romantic relationships are increasingly common. While past work has focused on how satisfied intercultural couples are compared to monocultural couples, we focus on factors within intercultural relationships that predict partners’ relationship quality. We propose that diversity ideologies—people’s beliefs about cultural diversity—are one set of factors that influence communication about cultural differences and relationship quality. Across two cross-sectional studies of individuals and one longitudinal study of couples in intercultural relationships ( Ntotal = 838), we found that people who endorsed colorblindness—ignored cultural differences—expressed their own culture more but accepted their partner’s culture less in the relationship, in turn experiencing mixed relational outcomes. However, participants who endorsed multiculturalism—acknowledged cultural differences and aimed to preserve cultures as distinct—or polyculturalism—recognized cultural differences and viewed cultures as interconnected—expressed their own culture and accepted their partner’s culture more and in turn experienced higher relationship quality. Our studies provide the first empirical examination of how diversity ideologies shape the way intercultural couples communicate about their cultural differences and subsequently impact their relationship quality.

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“…1It is important to note the variability in researchers’ conceptualization and operationalization of Biracial identity, a point that underscores the social constructive nature of race (Albuja et al, 2022). In the present study, we define Biracial people as those who have parents of different racial backgrounds.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

How Black is biracial? Black people’s empathy toward Black/White biracial people following racial discrimination in the United States.

Albuja¹,

Franco²,

Smith³

2023

Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology

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Objectives: Two studies investigate how Black people's empathy toward Black/White Biracial people experiencing racial discrimination relates to Black/White Biracial people's identification in the United States. Method: Study 1 (N = 151, M age = 36.3 years, SD = 11.1, 57% female) examines how Black people's perceptions of whether Black/White Biracial people identify as Black at a group level are related to empathy toward them through correlational methods. In Study 2 (N = 590; M age = 32.3 years, SD = 11.4, 71% women), we experimentally manipulate Black/White Biracial people's racial identity through vignettes and assess Black participants' perceived similarity, racial identification of the Black/White Biracial target as Black, linked fate, and empathy. We tested Black participants' empathy toward a Black/White Biracial target who selfidentified as Black, self-identified as White, or self-identified as Biracial, consistent with common identification patterns among Biracial people. Results: Black participants empathized least with Black/White Biracial people who were perceived as identifying as White, or who explicitly self-identified as White. This association was mediated by perceptions that Black/White Biracial and Black people's fates are linked. Overall, Black people were most likely to empathize with Black/White Biracial people identifying as Black. Conclusions: For liminal group members, identification confers information regarding similarity, shared identity, and linked fate that relate to procuring empathy. Public Significance StatementBlack/White Biracial people in the United States are often considered to be on the boundaries of Black and White monoracial groups and can racially identify as Black, White, or Biracial. Two studies tested how Black participants' empathy toward Black/White Biracial people who experience discrimination differs based on Biracial people's identity. The results show Black participants empathized least with Black/White Biracial people who were perceived as identifying as White, or who explicitly self-identified as White.

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Two or More

Cited by 6 publications

References 384 publications

Hypodescent or ingroup overexclusion?: Children's and adults’ racial categorization of ambiguous black/white biracial faces

Hypodescent or ingroup overexclusion?: Children's and adults’ racial categorization of ambiguous black/white biracial faces

Through the cultural looking glass: Diversity ideologies and cultural sharing in intercultural romantic relationships

How Black is biracial? Black people’s empathy toward Black/White biracial people following racial discrimination in the United States.

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