Two novel species of tetrodotoxin-producing bacteria isolated from toxic marine puffer fishes

Yu, Chun-Fai; Yu, Peter H.; Chan, P.; Yan, Q; Wong, Po Keung

doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2004.07.021

Cited by 70 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Among them were the well-known puffer fish species (Tetraodontidae) but also starfish, toads, flatworms and even chaetognathes. Interestingly, the toxin is produced by endobiotic bacteria Yu et al 2004). One of those endobionts is Pseudoalteromonas tetraodonis (Ivanova et al 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endobiotic bacteria and their pathogenic potential in cnidarian tentacles

Schuett

Doepke

2009

Helgol Mar Res

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Endobiotic bacteria colonize the tentacles of cnidaria. This paper provides first insight into the bacterial spectrum and its potential of pathogenic activities inside four cnidarian species. Sample material originating from Scottish waters comprises the jellyfish species Cyanea capillata and C. lamarckii, hydrozoa Tubularia indivisa and sea anemone Sagartia elegans. Mixed cultures of endobiotic bacteria, pure cultures selected on basis of haemolysis, but also lyophilized samples were prepared from tentacles and used for DGGE-profiling with subsequent phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA fragments. Bacteria were detected in each of the cnidarian species tested. Twenty-one bacterial species including four groups of closely related organisms were found in culture material. The species within these groups could not be differentiated from each other (one group of Pseudoalteromonas spp., two groups of Shewanella spp., one group of Vibrio spp.). Each of the hosts exhibits a specific endobacterial spectrum. Solely Cyanea lamarckii harboured Moritella viscosa. Only in Cyanea capillata, members of the Shewanella group #2 and the species Pseudoalteromonas arctica, Shewanella violacea, Sulfitobacter pontiacus and Arcobacter butzleri were detected. Hydrozoa Tubularia indivisa provided an amazingly wide spectrum of nine bacterial species. Exclusively, in the sea anemone Sagartia elegans, the bacterial species P. aliena was found. Overall eleven bacterial species detected were described recently as novel species. Four 16S rDNA fragments generated from lyophilized material displayed extremely low relationship to their next neighbours. These organisms are regarded as members of the endobiotic ''terra incognita''. Since the origin of cnidarian toxins is unclear, the possible pathogenic activity of endobiotic bacteria has to be taken into account. Literature data show that their next neighbours display an interesting diversity of haemolytic, septicaemic and necrotic actions including the production of cytotoxins, tetrodotoxin and R-toxin. Findings of haemolysis tests support the literature data. The potential producers are Endozoicimonas elysicola, Moritella viscosa, Photobacterium profundum, P. aliena, P. tetraodonis, Shewanella waksmanii, Vibrio splendidus, V. aestuarius, Arcobacter butzleri.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endobiotic bacteria and their pathogenic potential in cnidarian tentacles

Schuett

Doepke

2009

Helgol Mar Res

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“…For example, while Vibrio harveyi and V. tubiashi (closely related to strains Pc243, Nn5, and Nn6) are pathogens of fish and invertebrates, V. gallicus (closely related to strains Zp10 and Zp34A) lives in a symbiotic relationship with the abalone Haliotis tuberculata (Sawabe et al 2004). Other representatives of the genus Vibrio are known to synthesize the neurotoxin tetrodotoxin (Yu et al 2004;Wang et al 2008). This toxin shares some ecological similarities with PTX in that it is also widely distributed in diverse marine organisms and is produced by several distinct clades of bacteria (Wang et al 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of hemolytic bacteria from Palythoa caribaeorum (Cnidaria, Zoantharia) using a novel palytoxin-screening assay

Seemann

Gernert

Schmitt

et al. 2009

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

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Palytoxin (PTX), one of the most potent and chemically complex marine toxins, is predominantly found in zoanthid corals and sporadically in dinoflagellates. Its biosynthesis and metabolic pathways are largely unknown. However, the widespread occurrence of the toxin in phylogenetically distinct marine organisms is consistent with its production by microorganisms and subsequent accumulation in the food chain. To investigate a possible microbial origin, bacteria from two zoanthid corals (Palythoa caribaeorum, Zoanthus pulchellus) and one sponge (Neofibularia nolitangere) were isolated. More than 250 bacteria were screened for hemolysis using a newly developed PTX-screening assay of which 7% showed PTX-like hemolytic activity. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that these bacterial isolates belonged to strains of Bacillus cereus group (n = 11) as well as the genera Brevibacterium (n = 4) and Acinetobacter (n = 2). The results indicate the presence of Na+/K+-ATPase toxins and possibly PTX in hemolytic bacteria from P. caribaeorum.

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“…and Vibrio spp. have been found to be associated with marine animals where they contribute to the decomposition of biological molecules (Yu et al 2004).…”

Section: Enzyme Production By Isolated Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and biotechnological potential of culturable bacteria from Brazilian mangrove sediment

Dias

Andreote

Dini‐Andreote

et al. 2009

World J Microbiol Biotechnol

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Mangrove ecosystems are environments subject to substantial degradation by anthropogenic activities. Its location, in coastal area, interfacing the continents and the oceans makes it substantially important in the prospection for biotechnological applications. In this study, we assessed the diversity of culturable bacteria present over the seasons at two depths (0-10 and 30-40 cm) in a mangrove sediment and in a transect area from the land to the sea. In total, 238 bacteria were isolated, characterized by Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis (AR-DRA) and further identified, by Fatty Acid Methyl Esther (FAME-MIDI), into the orders of Vibrionales, Actinomycetales and Bacillales. Also the ability of the isolates in producing economically important enzymes (amylases, proteases, esterases and lipases) was evaluated and the order Vibrionales was the main enzymatic source.

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Two novel species of tetrodotoxin-producing bacteria isolated from toxic marine puffer fishes

Cited by 70 publications

References 33 publications

Endobiotic bacteria and their pathogenic potential in cnidarian tentacles

Endobiotic bacteria and their pathogenic potential in cnidarian tentacles

Detection of hemolytic bacteria from Palythoa caribaeorum (Cnidaria, Zoantharia) using a novel palytoxin-screening assay

Diversity and biotechnological potential of culturable bacteria from Brazilian mangrove sediment

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