Two new species of Hyphessobrycon (Teleostei: Characidae) from upper rio Tapajós basin on Chapada dos Parecis, central Brazil

Abstract

Two new species of Hyphessobrycon are described from the upper rio Tapajós basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Hyphessobrycon melanostichos is distinguished from its congeners by the combination of a conspicuous longitudinal broad black band beginning on the posterior margin of orbit and reaching the tip of middle caudal fin rays, a distinct vertically elongate humeral spot, and 16 to 18 branched anal-fin rays. Hyphessobrycon notidanos is distinguished from its congeners by the combination of an elongate dorsal fin in mature males, a vertically elongate humeral spot, 2-4 maxillary teeth, iii,8 dorsal-fin rays, and 16 to 21 branched anal-fin rays.Duas novas espécies do gênero Hyphessobrycon são descritas para a bacia do alto rio Tapajós, Mato Grosso, Brasil. Hyphessobrycon melanostichos distingue-se de seus congêneres pela combinação da presença de uma banda preta longitudinal larga entre a margem posterior da órbita até a ponta dos raios medianos da nadadeira caudal, de uma mancha umeral verticalmente alongada, e de 16 a 18 raios ramificados na nadadeira anal. Hyphessobrycon notidanos distingue-se de seus congêneres pela combinação da presença da nadadeira dorsal alongada nos machos maduros, de uma mancha umeral verticalmente alongada, 2-4 dentes no maxilar, iii,8 raios na nadadeira dorsal e 16 a 21 raios ramificados na nadadeira anal.

Moenkhausia rubra, a new species from rio Juruena, upper rio Tapajós basin, Brazil (Characiformes: Characidae)

“…The description of M. rubra and many other species in the last decade (e.g., Britski & Garavello, 2005;Bertaco & Carvalho, 2005a;2005b;Fisch-Muller et al, 2005;Vari et al, 2005;Carvalho & Bertaco, 2006;Menezes, 2006;Bertaco & Garutti, 2007;Bertaco & Malabarba, 2007;Britski & Garavello, 2007;Britski & Lima, 2008;Scharcansky & Lucena, 2007;Sousa et al, 2010;Carvalho & Datovo, 2012;Varella et al, 2012), all restricted to the upper rio Tapajós, confirm both facts. …”

Comparative morphology of gill glands in externally fertilizing and inseminating species of cheirodontine fishes, with implications on the phylogeny of the family Characidae (Actinopterygii: Characiformes)

“…Among taxa of Clade A, gill glands were found to be present on histological preparations by JRB (unpublished) in mature inseminating males of Creagrutus melasma and Monotocheirodon species, and in mature males of externally fertilizing species of the genera Bryconamericus, Caiapobrycon, Creagrutus, Cyanocharax, Hemibrycon, Hypobrycon, Knodus, Piabina, Rhinobrycon, and Rhinopetitia. The absence of a gill gland has been registered for some taxa belonging to Clade C of Javonillo et al (2010) and Oliveira et al (2011), further supporting this hypothesis: Astyanax utiariti by Bertaco & Garutti (2007) courensis by , Astyanax obscurus and A. laticeps by Bertaco & Lucena (2010), Ectrepopterus uruguayensis by Malabarba et al (2012) [see Thomaz et al, 2010 for the relationships of Ectrepopterus uruguayensis, formerly as Hyphessobrycon uruguayensis, with clade C taxa], Hasemania kalunga by , Hemigrammus tocantinsi by Carvalho et al (2010), Hemigrammus ora by , Hyphessobrycon melanostichos and Hyphessobrycon notidanos by Carvalho & Bertaco (2006), Hyphessobrycon vinaceus by , and Oligosarcus itau by Mirande et al (2011).…”

Hyphessobrycon brumado: a new characid fish (Ostariophysi: Characiformes) from the upper rio de Contas drainage, Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil

“…Hyphessobrycon Durbin is one of the most speciose, widespread and taxonomically poorly known genera of the family Characidae, with more than 120 valid species including a series of recently described ones, distributed from southern Mexico to río de La Plata in Argentina (e.g., Carvalho & Bertaco, 2006;Bertaco et al, 2007;Benine & Lopes, 2008;Carvalho et al, 2008;Garzía-Alzate et al, 2010a, 2010bMiquelarena & López, 2010). The recognition of groups of species within Hyphessobrycon is based primarily on similarities of color patterns and a hypothesis of its intrarelationships is currently unavailable, except for the rosy tetra clade proposed as monophyletic by Weitzman & Palmer (1997) (Eigenmann) and H. santae (Eigenmann) from the rio São Francisco basin.…”