Two-dimensional representation of three-dimensional pelvic motion during human walking: An example of how projections can be misleading

Gard, Steven A.; Knox, Erick H.; Childress, Dudley S.

doi:10.1016/0021-9290(96)00017-6

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Anteroposterior tilt of the pelvis during walking (Saunders et al, 1953) can introduce artificial vertical motion because of the offset between COM and sacral marker (Saini et al, 1998). Large anteroposterior tilt along with lateral tilt of the pelvis could change the vertical position of a skin-surface marker on the sacrum with respect to the COM position due to the out-of-plane rotations (Gard et al, 1996). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can sacral marker approximate center of mass during gait and slip-fall recovery among community-dwelling older adults?

Yang

Pai

2014

Journal of Biomechanics

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Falls are prevalent in older adults. Dynamic stability of body center of mass (COM) is critical for maintaining balance. A simple yet accurate tool to evaluate COM kinematics is essential to examine the COM stability. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which the COM position derived from body segmental analysis can be approximated by a single (sacral) marker during unperturbed (regular walking) and perturbed (gait-slip) gait. One hundred eighty seven older adults experienced an unexpected slip after approximately 10 regular walking trials. Two trials, the slip trial and the preceding regular walking trial, monitored with a motion capture system and force plates, were included in the present study. The COM positions were calculated by using the segmental analysis method wherein, the COM of all body segments was calculated to further estimate the body COM position. These body COM positions were then compared with those of the sacral marker placed at the second sacral vertebra for both trials. Results revealed that the COM positions were highly correlated with those of the sacrum’s over the time intervals investigated for both walking (coefficient of correlation R > 0.97) and slip (R > 0.90) trials. There were detectable kinematic difference between the COM and the sacral for both trials. Our results indicated that the sacral marker can be used as a simple approximation of body COM for regular walking, and to somewhat a lesser extent, upon a slip. The benefits from the simplicity appear to overweigh the limitations in accuracy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can sacral marker approximate center of mass during gait and slip-fall recovery among community-dwelling older adults?

Yang

Pai

2014

Journal of Biomechanics

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“…In 2-D planar analyses it is often assumed that the flexion/extension axes of the joints lie perpendicular to the sagittal plane. In this situation, segment motion in the frontal plane may be erroneously interpreted as adduction/abduction at the level of the joint, or alternatively, what has been measured as joint flexion/extension in a sagittal plane analysis may actually incorporate rotation about non-flexion/extension axes (Gard et al, 1996). In 3-D analyses, joint kinematics are often based on joint axes constructed from anatomical landmarks (Cappozzo et al, 1995;Wu et al, 2002).…”

Section: Influence Of Flexion/extension Axes Alignment On 3-d Kinematicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Running in ostriches (Struthio camelus): three-dimensional joint axes alignment and joint kinematics

Rubenson

Lloyd

Besier

et al. 2007

Journal of Experimental Biology

105

172

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displacement of the lower limb necessary for steering the swinging limb clear of the stance limb and replaces what would otherwise require greater adduction/abduction and/or internal/external rotation, allowing for less complex joints, musculoskeletal geometry and neuromuscular control. Significant rotation about the joints' nonflexion/extension axes nevertheless occurs over the running stride. In particular, hip abduction and knee internal/external and varus/valgus motion may further facilitate limb clearance during the swing phase, and substantial non-flexion/extension movement at the knee is also observed during stance. Measurement of 3-D segment and joint motion in birds will be aided by the use of functionally determined axes of rotation rather than assumed axes, proving important when interpreting the biomechanics and motor control of avian bipedalism.

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“…It has been reported that the amplitudes of vertical, lateral, and progressive displacements in the thoracic vertebrae are 25–95, 20–60, and 5–30 mm [ 19 ], and those in the pelvis are approximately 40, 45, and 26 mm [ 20 ], respectively, in elderly people. After the intervention, the amplitudes were almost within these ranges, and the trajectory of the trunk and pelvis changed to form a normal figure-of-eight [ 21 ]. The movements required in this study included trunk flexion and rotation and pelvic forward tilt in the sitting position within 90% of the maximum effort.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seated Virtual Reality-Guided Exercise Improved Gait in a Postoperative Hallux Valgus Case

Nakamoto

Kakuda

Miyashita

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Virtual reality (VR)-guided exercise therapy using mediVR KAGURA has been reported to improve gait function by extending the arm to spatial targets while sitting. We aimed to investigate toe and trunk–pelvic function and plantar sensation during gait in a postoperative patient with hallux valgus. A 60-year-old woman, whose foot deformities had improved 6 months earlier, participated in the study. The exercise therapy interventions were performed twice weekly for 15 min. This study used an A-B-A design: 1-week pre-phase, 3-week intervention phase, and 2-week post-phase. The plantar pressure distribution and thoracic and pelvic displacements during gait were recorded at the end of each phase. The tactile pressure thresholds of the foot were determined before and after each exercise. The maximum force and impulse under the hallux increased after the intervention. The sensory threshold of the hallux was reduced. The amplitude of the thoracic and pelvic displacement was shortened in lateral and extended in the vertical and progressional directions after the intervention. We found that a 3-week VR-guided exercise improved toe function, plantar sensation, and postural adjustment of the trunk and pelvis during gait in a patient who had undergone surgery for hallux valgus, and the effects continued for 2 weeks.

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Two-dimensional representation of three-dimensional pelvic motion during human walking: An example of how projections can be misleading

Cited by 15 publications

References 4 publications

Can sacral marker approximate center of mass during gait and slip-fall recovery among community-dwelling older adults?

Can sacral marker approximate center of mass during gait and slip-fall recovery among community-dwelling older adults?

Running in ostriches (Struthio camelus): three-dimensional joint axes alignment and joint kinematics

Seated Virtual Reality-Guided Exercise Improved Gait in a Postoperative Hallux Valgus Case

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