Two-dimensional materials in functional three-dimensional architectures with applications in photodetection and imaging

Abstract

Efficient and highly functional three-dimensional systems that are ubiquitous in biology suggest that similar design architectures could be useful in electronic and optoelectronic technologies, extending their levels of functionality beyond those achievable with traditional, planar two-dimensional platforms. Complex three-dimensional structures inspired by origami, kirigami have promise as routes for two-dimensional to three-dimensional transformation, but current examples lack the necessary combination of functional materials, mechanics designs, system-level architectures, and integration capabilities for practical devices with unique operational features. Here, we show that two-dimensional semiconductor/semi-metal materials can play critical roles in this context, through demonstrations of complex, mechanically assembled three-dimensional systems for light-imaging capabilities that can encompass measurements of the direction, intensity and angular divergence properties of incident light. Specifically, the mechanics of graphene and MoS2, together with strategically configured supporting polymer films, can yield arrays of photodetectors in distinct, engineered three-dimensional geometries, including octagonal prisms, octagonal prismoids, and hemispherical domes.

Adaptive Thermochromic Windows from Active Plasmonic Elastomers

“…Kirigami has been transitioning to the toolbox of modern materials design. [6][7][8] The cut patterns endow materials with unusual mechanical properties such as the 2Dto-3D transformation, 9,10 predictive deformation, 7,11 and extensibility enhancement with negligible impact on conductance of a material, 12 thereby promoting the quick development in stretchable electronics, 6 sensors, 13 wearable devices, 12,14 as well as in energy conversion and storage applications. 12,15 Kirigami-inspired metamaterials can programmatically switch their physical properties by changing the…”

Large area, patterned growth of 2D MoS2 and lateral MoS2–WS2 heterostructures for nano- and opto-electronic applications

“…The excellent conformality over 3D structures inherent to ALD will be demonstrated in a separate experiment on a 3D nano-trench structure. In literature, it has been shown that the integration of 2D TMDs on unconventional substrates with tailored geometry/functionality can offer vast opportunities for a variety of applications including gas sensor, photo detection and imaging, optoelectronics etc [35][36][37]. Furthermore, our PEALD based approach provides a route towards formation of seamless in-plane lateral heterostructures of 2D MoS 2 and WS 2 layers in a controlled way on technologically relevant SiO 2 /Si substrates.…”

Postbuckling analyses of frame mesostructures consisting of straight ribbons for mechanically guided three-dimensional assembly

“…Releasing the prestrain then triggers the out-of-plane buckling of the 2D precursors, lifting them off from the substrate surface at the non-bonded weak interfaces, and thereby leading to the formation of 3D mesostructures with programmed configurations. Due to the high level of design flexibility, a variety of complex 3D geometries can be realized [32], including open filamentary frameworks [28,33,34], mesostructures with hybrid geometries of membranes and filaments [11,31], folded constructs (e.g. origami-inspired mesostructures) [27,30] and highly filling nested or entangled networks [29].…”