Two-dimensional material inks

Abstract

The development of new and more accurate fabrication technologies has, in the past few years, boosted interest in advanced device manufacturing. 2D materials, thanks to their diverse properties and dispersibility in liquid carriers, constitute a rich toolbox for ink-based applications. However, the lack of standardized production methods offering a good compromise between performance and affordability has so far been a limiting factor for the application of 2D inks. In this Review, we provide a comprehensive description of the steps involved in device fabrication for different applications, from material selection and ink formulation to printing strategies and device assembly. We conclude with a critical overview of the main scientific and technical limitations currently faced by 2D inks and the related printing technologies and discuss their market penetration and implementation stage. TOC: Two-dimensional materials are some of the best candidates for printed technologies. This review provides an insightful overview on inks formulation processes, from materials selection and deposition techniques to applications. Future commercialization of printed devices is also thoroughly discussed. [H1] IntroductionLayered materials are a diverse group of materials exhibiting a broad spectrum of electronic, electrochemical and photonic properties 1-3 . Despite the interest of these bulk properties, the true potential of layered materials is unlocked when they are exfoliated to 2D layers 4 .

4D printing of MXene hydrogels for high-efficiency pseudocapacitive energy storage

“…They not only possess large surface areas and hydrophilic properties but also maintain the high electrical conductivity of 2D materials, allowing for electrochemical reactions, fast electrolyte ion transport and electron transfer even in thick electrodes 4 . 2D MXenes with a formula of M n+1 X n T x (M is an early transition metal, X is carbon and/or nitrogen, n is an integer between 1 and 4, and T x represents surface functional groups) offer a large number of promising candidates for designing conductive 2D hydrogels owing to their large surface-area-to-volume ratios, high electrical conductivities (≥20,000 S cm -1 ), redox capable surface groups, and chemical/structural diversities [6][7][8][9][10][11] . To date, several MXene hydrogels have been developed by filtration 12 , or using metal ions 13 , graphene oxide 14 , or polymers (e.g., polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) 15 , polyacrylamide 16 , cellulose 17 , chitosan 18 , poly(acrylic acid) 19 , and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) 20 ) as crosslinkers, and have demonstrated some success.…”

Nanostructured 2D WS2@PANI nanohybrids for electrochemical energy storage

“…EDITED BY convenient methods for their large scale production. In particular, the top-down liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE) of bulk layered crystals (Hernandez et al, 2008;Nicolosi et al, 2013;Paton et al, 2014) is a very promising production method, allowing to obtain 2D nanosheets in colloidal form, i.e., as functional inks (Hu et al, 2018;Tian, 2021;Pinilla et al, 2022), suitable for the subsequent processing of solid-state architectures.…”

“…In this context, two-dimensional (2D) materials are attracting considerable attention, due to their high surface area and highly tunable electronic and electrochemical properties ( Cui et al, 2020 ), as well as convenient methods for their large scale production. In particular, the top-down liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE) of bulk layered crystals ( Hernandez et al, 2008 ; Nicolosi et al, 2013 ; Paton et al, 2014 ) is a very promising production method, allowing to obtain 2D nanosheets in colloidal form, i.e., as functional inks ( Hu et al, 2018 ; Tian, 2021 ; Pinilla et al, 2022 ), suitable for the subsequent processing of solid-state architectures.…”

Doping Engineering in the MoS2/SnSe2 Heterostructure toward High‐Rejection‐Ratio Solar‐Blind UV Photodetection

“…[1][2][3] Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and group-IV metal chalcogenides have aroused wide attention owing to their extremely high surface area, excellent mechanical flexibility, and easy regulation of electrical and optical properties. [4,5] Furthermore, it is relatively simple to construct van der Waals (vdWs) heterostructures because of their large lattice mismatch tolerance. [5,6] Based on the tunability of band alignment, a rich variety of heterojunctions can be obtained, which is conducive to the realization of applications in multiple scenes.…”

“…[4,5] Furthermore, it is relatively simple to construct van der Waals (vdWs) heterostructures because of their large lattice mismatch tolerance. [5,6] Based on the tunability of band alignment, a rich variety of heterojunctions can be obtained, which is conducive to the realization of applications in multiple scenes. [7] Especially for photodetection, heterostructures with staggered large band offset are ideal structures for fabricating high-performance devices since the large band offset is favorable for photoinduced carrier separation.…”