Two Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinases from<i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i>are transcriptionally regulated by nutrient starvation

Motiwalla, Mustafa J.; Sequeira, Marilyn P.; D’Souza, Jacinta S.

doi:10.4161/psb.27969

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Recently, CDPK s have been demonstrated to be related to N deficiency. The transcription levels of three OtCDPK s were upregulated by N depletion in marine green algae Ostreococcus tauri (Caló et al, 2017), and the mRNA levels of CDPK1 and CDPK3 from C. reinhardtii showed over 10-fold increase after 1 h of N starvation, followed by a decrease from 3 to 18 h (Motiwalla et al, 2014). These two C. reinhardtii CDPKs corresponded to CrCDPK8 and CrCDPK9 in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Identification of Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinases in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Functional Analyses in Nitrogen Deficiency-Induced Oil Accumulation

Fei

Dai

et al. 2019

Front. Plant Sci.

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Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) are recognized as important calcium (Ca2+) sensors in signal transduction and play multiple roles in plant growth and developmental processes, as well as in response to various environmental stresses. However, little information is available about the CDPK family in the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. In this study, 15 CrCDPK genes were identified in C. reinhardtii genome, and their functions in nitrogen (N) deficiency-induced oil accumulation were analyzed. Our results showed that all CrCDPK proteins harbored the typical elongation factor (EF)-hand Ca2+-binding and protein kinase domains. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these CrCDPKs were clustered into one group together with a subclade of several CPKs from Arabidopsis and rice, clearly separating from the remaining AtCPKs and OsCPKs. These genes were located in 10 chromosomes and one scaffold of C. reinhardtii and contained 6–17 exons. RNA sequencing and quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR assays indicated that most of these CrCDPKs were significantly induced by N deficiency and salt stress. Lanthanum chloride (LaCl3), a plasma membrane Ca2+ channel blocker, limited oil accumulation in C. reinhardtii under N-deficient conditions, suggesting that Ca2+ was involved in N deficiency-induced oil accumulation. Furthermore, RNA interference (RNAi) silencing analyses demonstrated that six CrCDPKs played positive roles and three CrCDPKs played negative roles in N deficiency-induced oil accumulation in C. reinhardtii.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Identification of Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinases in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Functional Analyses in Nitrogen Deficiency-Induced Oil Accumulation

Fei

Dai

et al. 2019

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…While the role of Ca 2+ signalling in flagellar‐related processes in C. reinhardtii is well established, its role in regulating processes in the cell body has been less thoroughly explored. Recent progress indicates a role for Ca 2+ in the cellular responses to nutrient starvation (Motiwalla et al ., ) and in regulating photoacclimation, through the activity of the chloroplast‐localized calcium sensor protein (CAS) (Petroutsos et al ., ). However, the dynamics of [Ca 2+ ] cyt elevations in response to these and other environmental stimuli in C. reinhardtii have not been characterized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and temporal specificity of Ca²⁺ signalling in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in response to osmotic stress

et al. 2016

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Summary Ca2+‐dependent signalling processes enable plants to perceive and respond to diverse environmental stressors, such as osmotic stress. A clear understanding of the role of spatiotemporal Ca2+ signalling in green algal lineages is necessary in order to understand how the Ca2+ signalling machinery has evolved in land plants.We used single‐cell imaging of Ca2+‐responsive fluorescent dyes in the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to examine the specificity of spatial and temporal dynamics of Ca2+ elevations in the cytosol and flagella in response to salinity and osmotic stress.We found that salt stress induced a single Ca2+ elevation that was modulated by the strength of the stimulus and originated in the apex of the cell, spreading as a fast Ca2+ wave. By contrast, hypo‐osmotic stress induced a series of repetitive Ca2+ elevations in the cytosol that were spatially uniform. Hypo‐osmotic stimuli also induced Ca2+ elevations in the flagella that occurred independently from those in the cytosol.Our results indicate that the requirement for Ca2+ signalling in response to osmotic stress is conserved between land plants and green algae, but the distinct spatial and temporal dynamics of osmotic Ca2+ elevations in C. reinhardtii suggest important mechanistic differences between the two lineages.

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“…In freshwater alga C. reinhardtii , subfamily B3 CFK Cre07.g328900 and subfamily B4 CFK Cre02.g074370 (Fig. 2A ) function in the biogenesis of flagella and nutrition uptake 32 , respectively, indicating that CFKs played a role in plant freshwater adaptation. When plants transitioned from aquatic habitat to land environment, plants had to make substantial changes to adapt to the new environment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The calmodulin fused kinase novel gene family is the major system in plants converting Ca2+ signals to protein phosphorylation responses

Chen

Zhang

Cheng

2017

Sci Rep

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Eukaryotes utilize Ca2+ as a universal second messenger to convert and multiply environmental and developmental signals to downstream protein phosphorylation responses. However, the phylogenetic relationships of the genes that convert Ca2+ signal (CS) to protein phosphorylation responses (PPRs) remain highly controversial, and their origin and evolutionary trajectory are unclear, which greatly hinders functional studies. Here we examined the deep phylogeny of eukaryotic CS converter gene families and identified a phylogenetically and structurally distinctive monophyly in Archaeplastida. This monophyly can be divided into four subfamilies, and each can be traced to ancestral members that contain a kinase domain and a calmodulin-like domain. This strongly indicates that the ancestor of this monophyly originated by a de novo fusion of a kinase gene and a calmodulin gene. This gene family, with a proposed new name, Calmodulin Fused Kinase (CFK), had expanded and diverged significantly both in sizes and in structures for efficient and accurate Ca2+ signalling, and was shown to play pivotal roles in all the six major plant adaptation events in evolution. Our findings elucidated the common origin of all CS-PPR converter genes except CBL-CIPK converter genes, and revealed that CFKs act as the main CS conversion system in plants.

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Two Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinases fromChlamydomonas reinhardtiiare transcriptionally regulated by nutrient starvation

Abstract: These authors contributed equally to this work.

Cited by 12 publications

References 72 publications

Genome-Wide Identification of Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinases in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Functional Analyses in Nitrogen Deficiency-Induced Oil Accumulation

Genome-Wide Identification of Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinases in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Functional Analyses in Nitrogen Deficiency-Induced Oil Accumulation

Spatial and temporal specificity of Ca²⁺ signalling in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in response to osmotic stress

The calmodulin fused kinase novel gene family is the major system in plants converting Ca2+ signals to protein phosphorylation responses

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Two Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinases fromChlamydomonas reinhardtiiare transcriptionally regulated by nutrient starvation

Abstract: These authors contributed equally to this work.

Cited by 12 publications

References 72 publications

Genome-Wide Identification of Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinases in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Functional Analyses in Nitrogen Deficiency-Induced Oil Accumulation

Genome-Wide Identification of Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinases in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Functional Analyses in Nitrogen Deficiency-Induced Oil Accumulation

Spatial and temporal specificity of Ca2+ signalling in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in response to osmotic stress

The calmodulin fused kinase novel gene family is the major system in plants converting Ca2+ signals to protein phosphorylation responses

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Spatial and temporal specificity of Ca²⁺ signalling in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in response to osmotic stress