Tuning the deposition parameters for optimizing the faradaic and non-faradaic electrochemical performance of nanowire array-shaped ITO electrodes prepared by electron beam evaporation

Pruna, Raquel; López, M.; Teixidor, Francesc

doi:10.1039/c8nr07908k

Cited by 9 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Different procedures leading to nanostructured ITO using either physical [ 34 , 35 ] or chemical [ 36 ] methods have been reported. The most popular methods are sputtering, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and electron beam evaporation (EBE).…”

Section: Growth Of Ito Nanowires Characteristics and Dependencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All these parameters modify the nanowire’s density and dimensions, the final morphology of the sample, and the surface and interfacial surface tension between sample and analyte used. Once the maximum surface value has been reached, the increase in the density and size of the nanowires implies a decrease in the active area [ 34 , 35 ].…”

Section: Growth Of Ito Nanowires Characteristics and Dependencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [ 34 ], the self-catalytic VLS was interpreted with the Stranski–Krastanov method of epitaxial growth [ 52 ] where ITO first grew up forming thin-film monolayers. This growth continues until a physicochemical feature triggers a change, giving rise to the catalyst particles due to the temperature and enhancing the growth of the nanowires.…”

Section: Growth Of Ito Nanowires Characteristics and Dependencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plotting these results ( Figure 3 ) and applying a linear regression, we determine a growth rate of 17.46 nm/min. In a previous work [ 34 ] it was stated that the growth of the nanowires was explained by the Stransky–Krastanov growth model. This is well corroborated by our actual data, as the intercept value result of the linear regression is –83.9 nm.…”

Section: Growth Of Ito Nanowires Characteristics and Dependencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This evidence is observed for all the samples except for the electrode prepared at 200 °C, where nanostructuration is not enough to show that increase. On the other hand, the sample grown at 300 °C presents both the highest available electroactive surface area and lowest sheet resistance [ 34 , 35 ].…”

Section: Characterization By Cyclic Voltammetry Conductivity and mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanostructure ITO and Get More of It. Better Performance at Lower Cost

et al. 2020

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In this paper, we investigated how different growth conditions (i.e., temperature, growth time, and composition) allows for trading off cost (i.e., In content) and performance of nanostructured indium tin oxide (ITO) for biosensing applications. Next, we compared the behavior of these functionalized nanostructured surfaces obtained in different growth conditions between each other and with a standard thin film as a reference, observing improvements in effective detection area up to two orders of magnitude. This enhanced the biosensor’s sensitivity, with higher detection level, better accuracy and higher reproducibility. Results show that below 150 °C, the growth of ITO over the substrate forms a homogenous layer without any kind of nanostructuration. In contrast, at temperatures higher than 150 °C, a two-phase temperature-dependent growth was observed. We concluded that (i) nanowire length grows exponentially with temperature (activation energy 356 meV) and leads to optimal conditions in terms of both electroactive surface area and sensitivity at around 300 °C, (ii) longer times of growth than 30 min lead to larger active areas and (iii) the In content in a nanostructured film can be reduced by 10%, obtaining performances equivalent to those found in commercial flat-film ITO electrodes. In summary, this work shows how to produce appropriate materials with optimized cost and performances for different applications in biosensing.

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Section: Growth Of Ito Nanowires Characteristics and Dependencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Growth Of Ito Nanowires Characteristics and Dependencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Growth Of Ito Nanowires Characteristics and Dependencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Growth Of Ito Nanowires Characteristics and Dependencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Characterization By Cyclic Voltammetry Conductivity and mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanostructure ITO and Get More of It. Better Performance at Lower Cost

et al. 2020

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Anisotropic Resistivity Surfaces Produced in ITO Films by Laser‐Induced Nanoscale Self‐organization

López‐Santos

Puerto

Siegel

et al. 2020

Advanced Optical Materials

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emitting diodes, flat panel displays, etc.) and energy harvesting (photovoltaics, low emissivity coatings, etc.). [1] They are produced by creating electron degeneracy in a wide bandgap oxide either introducing non-stoichiometry (solid solutions) and/ or appropriate dopants, like Sb or F. [2] This is usually achieved in mixtures of different Group III oxides with metal oxides where the metal can be a part of the semiconductor oxide or act as dopant. This leads to different families of TCOs including AZO (aluminum zinc oxide), IZO (indium zinc oxide), ITO (indium tin oxide), GZO (gallium zinc oxide), and so on. Among them ITO (typically ≈90% wt% In 2 O 3 + 10 wt% SnO 2) plays a key role, especially to produce transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) in flat-panel displays. Regarding the structuring of ITO films, although wet chemical etching is suitable for producing micron-width electrodes, the need for rapid, and mask-less patterning of large areas led to investigation of the use of laser structuring already in the late 90s. [3] A similarly important application of lasers for processing TCOs is their use for sintering spin-coated films formed by nanoparticles, especially on flexible substrates. [4-6] However, the peculiarities of its absorption spectrum and the regular use of transparent substrates impose limitations in Highly anisotropic resistivity surfaces are produced in indium tin oxide (ITO) films by nanoscale self-organization upon irradiation with a fs-laser beam operating at 1030 nm. Anisotropy is caused by the formation of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) extended over cm-sized regions. Two types of optimized structures are observed. At high fluence, nearly complete ablation at the valleys of the LIPSS and strong ablation at their ridges lead to an insulating structure in the direction transverse to the LIPSS and conductive in the longitudinal one. A strong diminution of In content in the remaining material is then observed, leading to a longitudinal resistivity ρ L ≈ 1.0 Ω•cm. At a lower fluence, the material at the LIPSS ridges remains essentially unmodified while partial ablation is observed at the valleys. The structures show a longitudinal conductivity two times higher than the transverse one, and a resistivity similar to that of the pristine ITO film (ρ ≈ 5 × 10 −4 Ω•cm). A thorough characterization of these transparent structures is presented and discussed. The compositional changes induced as laser pulses accumulate, condition the LIPSS evolution and thus the result of the structuring process. Strategies to further improve the achieved anisotropic resistivity results are also provided.

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High performance of TiO2/CuxO photoelectrodes for regenerative solar energy storage in a vanadium photoelectrochemical cell

Yoo¹,

Lee²,

Kim³

2022

Green Energy & Environment

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Tuning the deposition parameters for optimizing the faradaic and non-faradaic electrochemical performance of nanowire array-shaped ITO electrodes prepared by electron beam evaporation

Abstract: The performance of transparent nanostructured indium tin oxide electrodes prepared by electron beam evaporation is optimized for biosensing purposes.

Cited by 9 publications

References 44 publications

Nanostructure ITO and Get More of It. Better Performance at Lower Cost

Nanostructure ITO and Get More of It. Better Performance at Lower Cost

Anisotropic Resistivity Surfaces Produced in ITO Films by Laser‐Induced Nanoscale Self‐organization

High performance of TiO2/CuxO photoelectrodes for regenerative solar energy storage in a vanadium photoelectrochemical cell

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