Tungsten bronze-based nuclear waste form ceramics. Part 2: Conversion of granular microporous tungstate–polyacrylonitrile (PAN) composite adsorbents to leach resistant ceramics

Griffith, Christopher S.; Šebesta, F.; Hanna, John V.; Yee, Patrick; Drabarek, Elizabeth; Smith, Mark E.; Luca, Vittorio

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2006.06.018

Cited by 18 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Many carbon spheres have been previously reported [25], but the materials reported here are unique in both bead size and pore structure. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) has been used as a structure-directing agent to produce macroporous oxide-PAN composites [26,27,28,29,30]. The process for the preparation of the hierarchical beads is very relevant to industrial applications, since PAN is an inexpensive material that accounted for 4–6% of total commercial fiber production in 2000 [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Actinide and Lanthanide Adsorption onto Hierarchically Porous Carbons Beads: A High Surface Affinity for Pu

Luca

Sizgek

et al. 2019

Nanomaterials

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Structured carbon adsorbents were prepared by carbonizing macroporous polyacrylonitrile beads whose pores were lined with a mesoporous phenolic resin. After activation, the beads were tested for minor actinide (Np and Am), major actinide (Pu and U) and lanthanide (Gd) adsorption in varying acidic media. The activation of the carbon with ammonium persulfate increased the surface adsorption of the actinides, while decreasing lanthanide adsorption. These beads had a pH region where Pu could be selectively extracted. Pu is one of the longest lived, abundant and most radiotoxic components of spent nuclear fuel and thus, there is an urgent need to increase its security of storage. As carbon has a low neutron absorption cross-section, these beads present an affordable, efficient and safe means for Pu separation from nuclear waste.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Actinide and Lanthanide Adsorption onto Hierarchically Porous Carbons Beads: A High Surface Affinity for Pu

Luca

Sizgek

et al. 2019

Nanomaterials

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“…For many years, porous materials have garnered considerable attention, owing to the wide range of applications that they potentially offer. The removal of pollutants from industrial waste, [1][2][3] the selective removal and storage of radioactive ions from nuclear waste, [4][5][6][7] and the storage of small molecules in alternative energy technologies [8][9][10] illustrate just a few of many possibilities. Currently, the focus of interest seems to be centered on organic-inorganic hybrid materials, generally known as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), as these can be custom-tailored to a specific pore size.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topological Analysis of Void Spaces in Tungstate Frameworks: Assessing Storage Properties for the Environmentally Important Guest Molecules and Ions: CO₂, UO₂, PuO₂, U, Pu, Sr²⁺, Cs⁺, CH₄, and H₂

Cole

Cramer

Zeidler

2015

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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The identification of inorganic materials, which are able to encapsulate environmentally important small molecules or ions via host-guest interactions, is crucial for the design and development of next-generation energy sources and for storing environmental waste. Especially sought after are molecular sponges with the ability to incorporate CO 2 , gas pollutants, or nuclear waste materials such as UO 2 and PuO 2 oxides or U, Pu, Sr 2+ or Cs + ions. Porous framework structures promise very attractive prospects for applications in environmental technologies, if they are able to incorporate CH 4 for biogas energy applications, or to store H 2 , which is important for fuel cells e.g. in the automotive industry. All of these applications should benefit from the host being resistant to extreme conditions such as heat, nuclear radiation, rapid gas expansion, or wear and tear from heavy gas cycling. As inorganic tungstates are well known for their thermal stability, and their rigid openframework networks, the potential of Na 2 O-Al 2 O 3-WO 3 and Na 2 O-WO 3 phases for such applications was evaluated. To this end, all known experimentally-determined crystal structures with the stoichiometric formula M a M' b W c O d (M = any element) are surveyed together with all corresponding theoretically calculated Na a Al b W c O d and Na x W y O z structures that are statistically likely to form. Network descriptors that categorize these host structures are used to reveal topological patterns in the hosts, including the nature of porous cages which are able to accommodate a certain type of guest; this leads to the classification of preferential structure types for a given environmental storage application. Crystal structures of two new tungstates NaAlW 2 O 8 (1) and NaAlW 3 O 11 (2) and one updated structure determination of Na 2 W 2 O 7 (3) are also presented from in-house X-ray diffraction studies, and their potential merits for environmental applications are assessed against those of this larger Page 2 of 56 ACS Paragon Plus Environment ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 3 data-sourced survey. Overall, results show that tungstate structures with three-nodal topologies are most frequently able to accommodate CH 4 or H 2 , while CO 2 appears to be captured by a wide range of nodal structure types. The computationally generated host structures appear systematically smaller than the experimentally determined structures. For the structures of 1 and 2, potential applications in nuclear waste storage seem feasible.

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“…It has also been demonstrated for these materials that it is viable to prepare a durable tailored ceramic directly from Cs-and Sr-saturated hexagonal tungsten bronze (HTB) selective adsorbent compounds with general formula A x WO 3 or A x-M y W 1Ày O 3 where A cations can be Cs or Sr while M is an element that can substitute for W in the hexagonal tungsten bronze framework [38][39][40][41]. Given the potential of GCCs however, it is also of interest to explore the possibility of incorporating the saturated tungstate adsorbents into glass-ceramic composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tungstate-based glass–ceramics for the immobilization of radio cesium

Drabarek

McLeod

Hanna

et al. 2009

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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Tungsten bronze-based nuclear waste form ceramics. Part 2: Conversion of granular microporous tungstate–polyacrylonitrile (PAN) composite adsorbents to leach resistant ceramics

Cited by 18 publications

References 9 publications

Actinide and Lanthanide Adsorption onto Hierarchically Porous Carbons Beads: A High Surface Affinity for Pu

Actinide and Lanthanide Adsorption onto Hierarchically Porous Carbons Beads: A High Surface Affinity for Pu

Topological Analysis of Void Spaces in Tungstate Frameworks: Assessing Storage Properties for the Environmentally Important Guest Molecules and Ions: CO₂, UO₂, PuO₂, U, Pu, Sr²⁺, Cs⁺, CH₄, and H₂

Tungstate-based glass–ceramics for the immobilization of radio cesium

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Tungsten bronze-based nuclear waste form ceramics. Part 2: Conversion of granular microporous tungstate–polyacrylonitrile (PAN) composite adsorbents to leach resistant ceramics

Cited by 18 publications

References 9 publications

Actinide and Lanthanide Adsorption onto Hierarchically Porous Carbons Beads: A High Surface Affinity for Pu

Actinide and Lanthanide Adsorption onto Hierarchically Porous Carbons Beads: A High Surface Affinity for Pu

Topological Analysis of Void Spaces in Tungstate Frameworks: Assessing Storage Properties for the Environmentally Important Guest Molecules and Ions: CO2, UO2, PuO2, U, Pu, Sr2+, Cs+, CH4, and H2

Tungstate-based glass–ceramics for the immobilization of radio cesium

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Product

Resources

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Topological Analysis of Void Spaces in Tungstate Frameworks: Assessing Storage Properties for the Environmentally Important Guest Molecules and Ions: CO₂, UO₂, PuO₂, U, Pu, Sr²⁺, Cs⁺, CH₄, and H₂