Tunable External Cavity Quantum Cascade Lasers (EC-QCL): an application field for MOEMS based scanning gratings

Grahmann, Jan; Merten, A.; Ostendorf, R.; Fontenot, Michael; Bleh, D.; Schenk, Harald; Wagner, Hans-Joachim

doi:10.1117/12.2039950

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 3 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…Recently, we performed measurements in a comparable laboratory optical setup situation, where laser and detector were still fixed on an optical table, and the sample was moved manually during measurement to mimic the handheld-situation. 19 Here, we present, for the first time, results using a handheld device.…”

Section: Backscattering Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19 In its present form, the MOEMS EC-QCL is not intended for high-resolution spectroscopy of narrow gas absorption lines. While narrow linewidth can be provided in cw operation, length adjustment of the resonator during a wavelength scan is currently not implemented; therefore, the laser will undergo mode-hops during spectral scanning, as shown in Sec.…”

Section: Transmission Spectroscopy Of Gasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this paper, we report on recent results obtained with our fast scanning EC-QCL system, [19][20][21] employing a MOEMS grating optimized specifically for broad spectral tuning in the mid-IR. The MOEMS grating is resonantly driven at a rate of 1 kHz.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Microoptoelectromechanical systems-based external cavity quantum cascade lasers for real-time spectroscopy

et al. 2017

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, "Microoptoelectromechanical systems-based external cavity quantum cascade lasers for real-time spectroscopy," Opt. Eng. 57(1), 011010 (2017), doi: 10.1117/1.OE.57.1.011010. Abstract. We report on mid-IR spectroscopic measurements performed with rapidly tunable external cavity quantum cascade lasers (EC-QCLs). Fast wavelength tuning in the external cavity is realized by a microoptoelectromechanical systems (MOEMS) grating oscillating at a resonance frequency of about 1 kHz with a deflection amplitude of up to 10 deg. The entire spectral range of the broadband QCL can therefore be covered in just 500 μs, paving the way for real-time spectroscopy in the mid-IR region. In addition to its use in spectroscopic measurements conducted in backscattering and transmission geometry, the MOEMS-based laser source is characterized regarding pulse intensity noise, wavelength reproducibility, and spectral resolution. © The Authors.Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.

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Section: Backscattering Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Transmission Spectroscopy Of Gasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microoptoelectromechanical systems-based external cavity quantum cascade lasers for real-time spectroscopy

et al. 2017

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“…For the present work, the optimization of the grating structure was performed for spectral regimes ranging from 4.4 µm to 5.1 µm and from 7.5 µm to 10 µm resulting in groove densities of 190 L/mm and 133 L/mm, respectively. Both gratings have diffraction efficiencies well-above 90% [24].…”

Section: Determination Of the Spectral Linewidth And Wavelength Repromentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This board provides the driving voltage for actuating the scanner plate as well as a trigger signal for each oscillation of the scanner plate which is used to synchronize the MOEMS scanner and the pulsed current driver of the QCL chip. More details on the design and fabrication of the MOEMS module can be found in reference [24]. The core of the MOEMS scanning grating is a circular scanner plate with a diameter of 5 mm, resonantly driven by an electrostatic force.…”

Section: Setup Of the Moems Ec-qclmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances and Applications of External Cavity-QCLs towards Hyperspectral Imaging for Standoff Detection and Real-Time Spectroscopic Sensing of Chemicals

et al. 2016

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External-cavity quantum cascade lasers (EC-QCL) are now established as versatile wavelength-tunable light sources for analytical spectroscopy in the mid-infrared (MIR) spectral range. We report on the realization of rapid broadband spectral tuning with kHz scan rates by combining a QCL chip with a broad gain spectrum and a resonantly driven micro-opto-electro-mechanical (MOEMS) scanner with an integrated diffraction grating in Littrow configuration. The capability for real-time spectroscopic sensing based on MOEMS EC-QCLs is demonstrated by transmission measurements performed on polystyrene reference absorber sheets, as well as on hazardous substances, such as explosives. Furthermore, different applications for the EC-QCL technology in spectroscopic sensing are presented. These include the fields of process analysis with on-or even inline capability and imaging backscattering spectroscopy for contactless identification of solid and liquid contaminations on surfaces. Recent progress in trace detection of explosives and related precursors in relevant environments as well as advances in food quality monitoring by discriminating fresh and mold contaminated peanuts based on their MIR backscattering spectrum is shown.Keywords: quantum cascade lasers; external cavity quantum cascade lasers; MOEMS grating; quantum cascade laser based spectroscopy; imaging laser backscattering spectroscopy; inline spectroscopic analysis

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MEMS gratings and their applications

Zhou

Lim

et al. 2021

International Journal of Optomechatronics

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Grating plays an essential role in various optical systems owing to its unique dispersion properties. In recent years, there is increasing demand to miniaturize optical systems for a wide range of field applications. Therefore, the integration of diffraction grating with MEMS technology provides an efficient way to build truly miniaturized optical systems. Till now, MEMS diffraction gratings have mainly been explored in two directions, namely MEMS scanning gratings and MEMS tunable gratings. MEMS scanning gratings are constructed with a variety of MEMS actuators to drive a grating platform to scan across the target, and they play a significant role in various scanning systems. Meanwhile, the dispersive properties of grating scanners make them attractive in wavelength sensing applications, including spectrometers and hyperspectral imaging systems. Tunable gratings typically employ MEMS actuators to dynamically change the diffraction properties, thus tuning its wavelength sensitivity for a specific application. Thus, this review will introduce these two types of MEMS gratings in detail and evaluate their efficiency and advantages in various fields.

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Tunable External Cavity Quantum Cascade Lasers (EC-QCL): an application field for MOEMS based scanning gratings

Cited by 10 publications

References 3 publications

Microoptoelectromechanical systems-based external cavity quantum cascade lasers for real-time spectroscopy

Microoptoelectromechanical systems-based external cavity quantum cascade lasers for real-time spectroscopy

Recent Advances and Applications of External Cavity-QCLs towards Hyperspectral Imaging for Standoff Detection and Real-Time Spectroscopic Sensing of Chemicals

MEMS gratings and their applications

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