Tumorigenicity study of butyl and isobutyl p-hydroxybenzoates administered orally to mice

Parabens in male infertility—Is there a mitochondrial connection?

“…Nevertheless, the same author found that neither male reproductive functions nor serum hormone concentrations including testosterone, LH and FSH were affected by methyl-and ethylparaben at a dose level of about 1000 mg/kg bw/day [72]. These results are in agreement with previous data that observed no adverse histopathological effects on male reproductive organs in rodents fed with 0.6-10%, 2% and 0.15-0.6% butylparaben for 6, 8 and 102 weeks, respectively [35,80]. However, these studies did not determine sperm parameters or reproductive hormone levels.…”

Parabens in male infertility—Is there a mitochondrial connection?

“…Nevertheless, the same author found that neither male reproductive functions nor serum hormone concentrations including testosterone, LH and FSH were affected by methyl-and ethylparaben at a dose level of about 1000 mg/kg bw/day [72]. These results are in agreement with previous data that observed no adverse histopathological effects on male reproductive organs in rodents fed with 0.6-10%, 2% and 0.15-0.6% butylparaben for 6, 8 and 102 weeks, respectively [35,80]. However, these studies did not determine sperm parameters or reproductive hormone levels.…”

Precocious terminal differentiation of premigratory limb muscle precursor cells requires positive signalling

“…The fact that butylparaben did not affect any aspect of development indicates that it does not have strong estrogenic potential during development. The same inference can be made from the chronic toxicity study on butylparaben (Inai et al, 1985) in which mice fed the compound in the diet for two years had no increase in tumor incidence. Taken together, these results are consistent with the observations of weak in vitro estrogenic potency and limited in vivo response in the uterotrophic assay, a highly sensitive assay for estrogenic activity.…”

Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Ascorbyl Palmitate, Ascorbyl Dipalmitate, Ascorbyl Stearate, Erythorbic Acid, and sodium Erythorbate

“…The lymphoma/leukemia had the highest incidence in female mice treated with Sodium Erythorbate, but this was not significant. Overall, tumor incidence, time to death with tumors, and the distribution of tumors in treated mice did not differ significantly from mice of the control group (Inai et al 1989).…”

Parabens in male infertility—Is there a mitochondrial connection?

“…Nevertheless, the same author found that neither male reproductive functions nor serum hormone concentrations including testosterone, LH and FSH were affected by methyl-and ethylparaben at a dose level of about 1000 mg/kg bw/day [72]. These results are in agreement with previous data that observed no adverse histopathological effects on male reproductive organs in rodents fed with 0.6-10%, 2% and 0.15-0.6% butylparaben for 6, 8 and 102 weeks, respectively [35,80]. However, these studies did not determine sperm parameters or reproductive hormone levels.…”

Precocious terminal differentiation of premigratory limb muscle precursor cells requires positive signalling

“…The fact that butylparaben did not affect any aspect of development indicates that it does not have strong estrogenic potential during development. The same inference can be made from the chronic toxicity study on butylparaben (Inai et al, 1985) in which mice fed the compound in the diet for two years had no increase in tumor incidence. Taken together, these results are consistent with the observations of weak in vitro estrogenic potency and limited in vivo response in the uterotrophic assay, a highly sensitive assay for estrogenic activity.…”

Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Ascorbyl Palmitate, Ascorbyl Dipalmitate, Ascorbyl Stearate, Erythorbic Acid, and sodium Erythorbate

“…The lymphoma/leukemia had the highest incidence in female mice treated with Sodium Erythorbate, but this was not significant. Overall, tumor incidence, time to death with tumors, and the distribution of tumors in treated mice did not differ significantly from mice of the control group (Inai et al 1989).…”

Parabens in male infertility—Is there a mitochondrial connection?

“…Nevertheless, the same author found that neither male reproductive functions nor serum hormone concentrations including testosterone, LH and FSH were affected by methyl-and ethylparaben at a dose level of about 1000 mg/kg bw/day [72]. These results are in agreement with previous data that observed no adverse histopathological effects on male reproductive organs in rodents fed with 0.6-10%, 2% and 0.15-0.6% butylparaben for 6, 8 and 102 weeks, respectively [35,80]. However, these studies did not determine sperm parameters or reproductive hormone levels.…”

Precocious terminal differentiation of premigratory limb muscle precursor cells requires positive signalling

“…The fact that butylparaben did not affect any aspect of development indicates that it does not have strong estrogenic potential during development. The same inference can be made from the chronic toxicity study on butylparaben (Inai et al, 1985) in which mice fed the compound in the diet for two years had no increase in tumor incidence. Taken together, these results are consistent with the observations of weak in vitro estrogenic potency and limited in vivo response in the uterotrophic assay, a highly sensitive assay for estrogenic activity.…”

Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Ascorbyl Palmitate, Ascorbyl Dipalmitate, Ascorbyl Stearate, Erythorbic Acid, and sodium Erythorbate

“…The lymphoma/leukemia had the highest incidence in female mice treated with Sodium Erythorbate, but this was not significant. Overall, tumor incidence, time to death with tumors, and the distribution of tumors in treated mice did not differ significantly from mice of the control group (Inai et al 1989).…”