Tumor detection by exogenous fluorescent dyes using new generation photo-multiplier tubes

Laser induced autofluorescence studies of animal skin used in modeling of human cutaneous tissue spectroscopic measurements

“…Five spectra were recorded on every measurement of the mouse leg. We mention that the specific type of the mice, which examined in vivo with the set‐up I, had been studied in depth for the purposes of photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy procedures in previous studies (5, 29).…”

Effects of the position of galactose units to Zn(II) phthalocyanine on the uptake and photodynamic activity towards breast cancer cells

“…mantareva@orgchm.bas.bg R The first one initiates the formation of PS in singlet excited state which can relax to the singlet ground state by fluorescence emission and by non-radiative transitions, which is most likely an intersystem crossing to the triplet excited state. 3,4 In parallel, the second process of energy transfer to the triplet state of PS takes place, which initiates a cascade of photochemical reactions with involvement of the atmospheric molecular oxygen and results in the generation of singlet oxygen (type II mechanism) or the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROSs) (type I mechanism).The singlet oxygen and the other ROSs are toxic to the cells and their formation in the vicinity of the cellular membranes leads to oxidation and the selective cellular photodamage. 5 The far-red absorbing photosensitizers with a fast release from the skin and healthy tissues are recognized among the phthalocyanines (Pcs).…”

“…7 Moreover, the red-shifted intensive fluorescence with relatively high values of quantum yield and life-time, and the singlet oxygen quantum yield are also advantages of Pcs that fortify their promising PDT applications. 3 The commercially available unsubstituted ZnPc have several limitations for their biomedical applications such as very low solubility in water and other biocompatible media and the poor selectivity towards malignant tissues which somehow restricts the efficacy of PDT. The design of a new generation photosensitizers with properties close to the requirements for an ideal PS is still an actual research field.…”

“…This study refers to investigation of Zn(II)-phthalocyanines with four D-galactose moieties linked to the macrocycle via oxygen on the non-peripheral (3,6) or the peripheral (4,5) positions (Scheme 1). The absorption and the fluorescence properties, and the singlet oxygen quantum yields were studied in dependence to the solvent and the position of Galactose substituents.…”

“…For example, the strong hydrophobic nature of the macromolecule can be modified by attachment of substituents in peripheral or nonperipheral positions, or to the coordinated metal ions. 3,6,7 The substantial knowledge has been collected about the structure-function relationship for a great number of screening molecules as PDT drug.…”