Tuberculosis case finding and isoniazid preventive therapy among people living with HIV at public health facilities of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional facility based study

Abstract

BackgroundActivities to decrease the burden of tuberculosis (TB) among people living with HIV (PLHIV) include intensified TB case-finding (ICF), Isoniaizid (INH) preventive therapy (IPT) and infection control in health-care and congregate settings (IC). Information about the status of collaborative TB/HIV care services which decreases the burden of TB among PLHIV in Ethiopia is limited. The purpose of the study was to assess TB case finding and provision of IPT among PLHIV in Addis Ababa.MethodsA cross sectional, facility-based survey was conducted between June 2011 and August 2011. Data was collected by interviewing 849 PLHIV from ten health facilities in Addis Ababa. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze findings and the results are described in this report.ResultsThe proportion of PLHIV who have been screened for TB during any one of their follow-up cares was 92.8%. Eighty eight (10.4%) of the study participants have been diagnosed for TB during their HIV follow-up cares. PLHIV who had never been diagnosed for TB before they knew their positive HIV status were nearly four times more likely to be diagnosed for TB during follow-up cares than those diagnosed before (AOR [95% CI]: 3.78 [1.69-8.43]). Nearly a third (28.7%) of all interviewed PLHIV self reported that they had been treated with IPT.ConclusionsIt can be concluded that ICF for TB and IPT among PLHIV in Addis Ababa need boosting. Hence, it is recommended to put into practice the national and global guidelines to improve ICF and IPT among PLHIV in the city.

Isoniazid preventive therapy utilization rate and associated factors in adult HIV/AIDS patients in Jimma University Specialized Hospital ART clinic, Oromia Region, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study.

“…With this regard the overall IPT utilization rate among PLHIV in ART clinic was 59.2%. The ffindings are 3 -4 fold increase in IPT implementation compared with 30% implementation in Addis Ababa [21,22] and 19.6% in Northern Ethiopia [23]. Thecurrent research finding shows that in accordance with other studies that recommended IPT use in combination with ART could effectively reduce TB risk in HIV-infected adults (18,24,25].…”

Barriers in the implementation of isoniazid preventive therapy for people living with HIV in Northern Ethiopia: a mixed quantitative and qualitative study

“…This is lower than the reported IPT coverage of around 30 % for Addis Ababa in 2011 [19, 20]. Differences in access to isoniazid could have contributed to the lower coverage observed in the northern region of Tigray as supply could have been better in Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia.…”

Dotting the Three I's for collaborative TB-HIV activities: evaluation of a pilot programme in Kathmandu, Nepal

“…The 13% yield of active TB in PLHIV was consistent with the 2012 national sentinel surveillance result of 11.5%, 3 and is similar to other settings. [15][16][17] The diagnostic algorithm for TB in PLHIV at the sites was assumed to be similar at all sites and aligned with national guidelines, although this was not specifically assessed. This algorithm includes sputum smear microscopy, X-ray and Xpert ® MTB/RIF (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA, USA), which was introduced in Nepal in 2010 and will significantly increase the yield of diagnosed TB cases among PLHIV.…”