Trust Your Gut: The Human Gut Microbiome in Health and Disease

AboNahas, Hebatallah H.; Darwish, Amira M.G.; El-Kareem, Hanaa F. Abd; AboNahas, Yousef H.; Mansour, Safaa; Korra, Yasmin H.; Sayyed, R. Z.; Abdel-Azeem, Ahmed M.; Saied, Essa M.

doi:10.1007/978-981-16-1626-6_3

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 235 publications

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“…Numerous experiments conducted on germ-free animals (GF) have elucidated that early colonization of the microbiota is essential for the proper development of immunity. Human-based genetic studies on microbiota demonstrated that an imbalance in the gut microbiota is associated with various inflammatory diseases, liver condition diseases, colorectal cancer, and metabolic disorders [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Introduction: Probiotics As Novel Solutions To Old Problemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Networked Interaction between Probiotics and Intestine in Health and Disease: A Promising Success Story

Skoufou,

Tsigalou,

Vradelis

et al. 2024

Microorganisms

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Probiotics are known to promote human health either precautionary in healthy individuals or therapeutically in patients suffering from certain ailments. Although this knowledge was empirical in past tomes, modern science has already verified it and expanded it to new limits. These microorganisms can be found in nature in various foods such as dairy products or in supplements formulated for clinical or preventive use. The current review examines the different mechanisms of action of the probiotic strains and how they interact with the organism of the host. Emphasis is put on the clinical therapeutic use of these beneficial microorganisms in various clinical conditions of the human gastrointestinal tract. Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and particularly any malfunction and inflammation of the intestines seriously compromise the health of the whole organism. The interaction between the probiotic strains and the host’s microbiota can alleviate the clinical signs and symptoms while in some cases, in due course, it can intervene in the underlying pathology. Various safety issues of the use of probiotics are also discussed.

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Section: Introduction: Probiotics As Novel Solutions To Old Problemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Networked Interaction between Probiotics and Intestine in Health and Disease: A Promising Success Story

Skoufou,

Tsigalou,

Vradelis

et al. 2024

Microorganisms

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“…The association of human health with the intestine has been long acknowledged as Hippocrates said, “Death sits in the bowls” in 400 B.C. Many studies worldwide have focused on the significant impact of intestinal microbiota on human health and disease ( AboNahas et al, 2022 ). The human body is colonized by a diversity of bacteria, viruses, archaea, and unicellular eukaryotes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human gut microbiota in health and disease: Unveiling the relationship

et al. 2022

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The human gut possesses millions of microbes that define a complex microbial community. The gut microbiota has been characterized as a vital organ forming its multidirectional connecting axis with other organs. This gut microbiota axis is responsible for host-microbe interactions and works by communicating with the neural, endocrinal, humoral, immunological, and metabolic pathways. The human gut microorganisms (mostly non-pathogenic) have symbiotic host relationships and are usually associated with the host’s immunity to defend against pathogenic invasion. The dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is therefore linked to various human diseases, such as anxiety, depression, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, and cancer. The mechanism leading to the disease development has a crucial correlation with gut microbiota, metabolic products, and host immune response in humans. The understanding of mechanisms over gut microbiota exerts its positive or harmful impacts remains largely undefined. However, many recent clinical studies conducted worldwide are demonstrating the relation of specific microbial species and eubiosis in health and disease. A comprehensive understanding of gut microbiota interactions, its role in health and disease, and recent updates on the subject are the striking topics of the current review. We have also addressed the daunting challenges that must be brought under control to maintain health and treat diseases.

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“…These molecules play critical roles in modulating various physiological and behavioral responses, including appetite regulation, stress response, immune function, and mood regulation. Overall, a comprehensive understanding of the gut-brain axis is essential for elucidating the pathophysiology of various neurological and gastrointestinal disorders and developing effective therapeutic interventions (Collins and Bercik, 2009;Abo Nahas et al, 2022;Helmy et al, 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling the interplay between NSAID-induced dysbiosis and autoimmune liver disease in children: insights into the hidden gateway to autism spectrum disorders. Evidence from ex vivo, in vivo, and clinical studies

Mohamed,

Abo Nahas,

Elshaer

et al. 2023

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

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Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) represent a diverse group of neuropsychiatric conditions, and recent evidence has suggested a connection between ASD and microbial dysbiosis. Immune and gastrointestinal dysfunction are associated with dysbiosis, and there are indications that modulating the microbiota could improve ASD-related behaviors. Additionally, recent findings highlighted the significant impact of microbiota on the development of autoimmune liver diseases, and the occurrence of autoimmune liver disease in children with ASD is noteworthy. In the present study, we conducted both an in vivo study and a clinical study to explore the relationship between indomethacin-induced dysbiosis, autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), and the development of ASD. Our results revealed that indomethacin administration induced intestinal dysbiosis and bacterial translocation, confirmed by microbiological analysis showing positive bacterial translocation in blood cultures. Furthermore, indomethacin administration led to disturbed intestinal permeability, evidenced by the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasomes pathway and elevation of downstream biomarkers (TLR4, IL18, caspase 1). The histological analysis supported these findings, showing widened intestinal tight junctions, decreased mucosal thickness, inflammatory cell infiltrates, and collagen deposition. Additionally, the disturbance of intestinal permeability was associated with immune activation in liver tissue and the development of AIH, as indicated by altered liver function, elevated ASMA and ANA in serum, and histological markers of autoimmune hepatitis. These results indicate that NSAID-induced intestinal dysbiosis and AIH are robust triggers for ASD existence. These findings were further confirmed by conducting a clinical study that involved children with ASD, autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), and a history of NSAID intake. Children exposed to NSAIDs in early life and complicated by dysbiosis and AIH exhibited elevated serum levels of NLRP3, IL18, liver enzymes, ASMA, ANA, JAK1, and IL6. Further, the correlation analysis demonstrated a positive relationship between the measured parameters and the severity of ASD. Our findings suggest a potential link between NSAIDs, dysbiosis-induced AIH, and the development of ASD. The identified markers hold promise as indicators for early diagnosis and prognosis of ASD. This research highlights the importance of maintaining healthy gut microbiota and supports the necessity for further investigation into the role of dysbiosis and AIH in the etiology of ASD.

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Trust Your Gut: The Human Gut Microbiome in Health and Disease

Cited by 3 publications

References 235 publications

The Networked Interaction between Probiotics and Intestine in Health and Disease: A Promising Success Story

The Networked Interaction between Probiotics and Intestine in Health and Disease: A Promising Success Story

Human gut microbiota in health and disease: Unveiling the relationship

Unveiling the interplay between NSAID-induced dysbiosis and autoimmune liver disease in children: insights into the hidden gateway to autism spectrum disorders. Evidence from ex vivo, in vivo, and clinical studies

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