Trunk muscle control and back pain

Moseley, G. Lorimer

doi:10.1016/b978-0-7020-4356-7.00011-2

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 63 publications

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“…74,75 Reduction in the usual variability of motor output itself is considered a marker of reduced redundancy within motor networks, is associated with ongoing pain, and closely reflects cognitive appraisals of threat to body tissue. [76][77][78] Body Illusions: How to (Temporarily) Disrupt Self-Localization Any neural representation of the body clearly needs to be extremely flexible. During most activities, not least of all dance, body posture and, in turn, the relationship between one's own body parts and the surrounding environment is constantly changing (interestingly, music is another crucial element that dancers must take into account while performing, but thorough discussion of the multisensory aspects of dance lies beyond the scope of this paper).…”

Section: The Neural Correlates Of Body Representationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating Self-Localization, Proprioception, Pain, and Performance

et al. 2017

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The ability to know where our own body and body parts are in space is often taken for granted, yet it is of fundamental importance for the majority of our everyday activities, let alone high performance activities such as dancing. This review focuses on the concept of self-localization, the monitoring of the space surrounding one's body, and the disruptions that occur in the presence of pain. A conceptual model is presented of the cortical body matrix with which to consider self-localization; also provided are its historical context, underlying assumptions, and current limitations. Issues described include the neurophysiological and behavioral background to the cortical body matrix model, its application to pain and performance, and the rapidly growing use of bodily illusions to investigate how it is that we know where we are, that we exist in a given location, and that we can interact with the space that surrounds us. Recent insights are drawn on from behavioral, clinical, neuroimaging, and physiological research. Spatial performance is discussed in people with and without pain and its relevance for prevention of injuries, the role of pain during performance, and pain education for dancers and their teachers.

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Section: The Neural Correlates Of Body Representationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating Self-Localization, Proprioception, Pain, and Performance

et al. 2017

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Neural representations and the cortical body matrix: implications for sports medicine and future directions

et al. 2015

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Neural representations, or neurotags, refer to the idea that networks of brain cells, distributed across multiple brain areas, work in synergy to produce outputs. The brain can be considered then, a complex array of neurotags, each influencing and being influenced by each other. The output of some neurotags act on other systems, for example, movement, or on consciousness, for example, pain. This concept of neurotags has sparked a new body of research into pain and rehabilitation. We draw on this research and the concept of a cortical body matrix-a network of representations that subserves the regulation and protection of the body and the space around it-to suggest important implications for rehabilitation of sports injury and for sports performance. Protective behaviours associated with pain have been reinterpreted in light of these conceptual models. With a particular focus on rehabilitation of the injured athlete, this review presents the theoretical underpinnings of the cortical body matrix and its application within the sporting context. Therapeutic approaches based on these ideas are discussed and the efficacy of the most tested approaches is addressed. By integrating current thought in pain and cognitive neuroscience related to sports rehabilitation, recommendations for clinical practice and future research are suggested.

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Defensive reflexes in people with pain – a biomarker of the need to protect? A meta-analytical systematic review

Wallwork

Grabherr

O’Connell

et al. 2017

Reviews in the Neurosciences

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AbstractUpregulation of defensive reflexes such as the nociceptive flexion reflex (NFR) has been attributed to sensitisation of peripheral and spinal nociceptors and is often considered biomarkers of pain. Experimental modulation of defensive reflexes raises the possibility that they might be better conceptualised as markers of descending cognitive control. Despite strongly held views on both sides and several narrative reviews, there has been no attempt to evaluate the evidence in a systematic manner. We undertook a meta-analytical systematic review of the extant English-language literature from inception. Thirty-six studies satisfied our a priori criteria. Seventeen were included in the meta-analysis. Reflexive threshold was lower in people with clinical pain than it was in pain-free controls, but reflex size, latency, and duration were unaffected. The pattern of difference was not consistent with sensitisation of nociceptive neurones, as these changes were not isolated to the affected body part but was more consistent with top-down cognitive control reflective of heightened protection of body tissue. The pattern of modulation is dependent on potentially complex evaluative mechanisms. We offer recommendations for future investigations and suggest that defensive reflex threshold may reflect a biomarker of a broader psychological construct related to bodily protection, rather than sensitisation of primary nociceptors, spinal nociceptors, or pain.

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Trunk muscle control and back pain

Cited by 3 publications

References 63 publications

Integrating Self-Localization, Proprioception, Pain, and Performance

Integrating Self-Localization, Proprioception, Pain, and Performance

Neural representations and the cortical body matrix: implications for sports medicine and future directions

Defensive reflexes in people with pain – a biomarker of the need to protect? A meta-analytical systematic review

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