Trunk muscle co-ordination during gait: Relationship between muscle function and acute low back pain

Evaluation of the EMG–force relationship of trunk muscles during whole body tilt

“…Electrode positions were chosen according to international recommendations (Hermens et al, 1999) and are described in detail elsewhere (Anders et al, 2005). We used disposable Ag-AgCl electrodes (Arbo s , Neustadt/Donau, Germany) with a circular uptake area of 1 cm diameter and an inter-electrode distance of 2.5 cm.…”

Trunk extensor fatigue influences trunk muscle activities during walking gait

“…EMG amplitudes were normalized (NEMG) to the highest burst amplitude of the respective muscle group, per subject, from the pre fatigue walking trials. This normalization procedure was performed to compare within subject differences before and after fatigue protocols, and to reduce variability as normalization of EMG data during dynamic movements has been found to have large variability when referencing static MVIC efforts (Anders et al, 2005;Mirka, 1991;Yang and Winter, 1984). Timing of each NEMG burst peak per each participant within muscle groups during each walking session was averaged within respective walking sessions.…”

Effects of heel cushioning elements in safety shoes on muscle–physiological parameters

“…At second, we found an earlier occurrence of the heel strike associated amplitude peak of the back muscles which further helps to more effectively protect the spine. It was already stated by several authors that alterations of coordination capabilities (Anders et al, 2005;Cholewicki et al, 2002;Richardson, 1996, 1998) and force capacity of muscles (D'Hooge et al, 2013;Kankaanp€ a€ a et al, 1998) are both linked to the occurrence of back pain. Fig.…”