TRPM channels: same ballpark, different players, and different rules in immunogenetics

Abstract

Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels belong to a large family of cation channels and are the "border guards" predominantly localized to the plasma membrane. Research over the years has considerably and highly developed the knowledge of expression and functional aspects of the TRPM channels. A closer look at the channel dynamics has dismantled undeniable substantiation for multifaceted roles for TRPM channel-mediated extracellular Ca(2+) influx in several physiological and pathophysiological functions. Given the wealth of literature unfolding the multiple roles of TRP channels in physiology in a very extensive range of different mammalian tissues, this review confines itself to the literature describing the multiple roles of TRPM channels in diabetes, smooth muscle cell regulation, immunological responses, and emerging aspects of cancer. We also focus on differential activities of TRPM channels after post-transcriptional and post-translational processing and their exquisite roles at various cellular and molecular levels.

Potential role of melastatin-related transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M gene expression in the pathogenesis of urinary bladder cancer

“…Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels were first described in Drosophila (9). TRP channels are cation-selective channels, which are predominantly localized to the plasma membrane (10,11) and are associated with various diseases, such as cancer (7,8). Variable expression levels of one or more TRP proteins are important for the initiation and progression of certain cancer types (8).…”

“…The TRPM subfamily includes 8 subgroups (TRPM1, TRPM2, TRPM3, TRPM4, TRPM5, TRPM6, TRPM7 and TRPM8), which are considered to have roles in tumorigenesis, cell proliferation and differentiation (11,14). The TRPM subfamily takes its name from the melastatin protein, which is defined as potential tumor suppressor.…”

“…The TRPM subfamily takes its name from the melastatin protein, which is defined as potential tumor suppressor. Most members of TRPM subfamily are permeable to calcium (4,11). Changes in the expression levels of TRPM ion channels can affect various physiological functions and lead to the initiation of pathological processes (4).…”

Structure of Thermally Activated TRP Channels

“…In the TRPM subfamily, TRPM6/7 are Mg 2+ -permeable and important regulators of intracellular Mg 2+ homeostasis, while other TRPM channels are nonselective cation channels (Farooqi et al, 2011). Furthermore, TRPM6/7 contain an atypical kinase domain, allowing them to function as “chanzymes,” capable of phosphorylating and activating the channel (Montell, 2003).…”

“…Furthermore, TRPM6/7 contain an atypical kinase domain, allowing them to function as “chanzymes,” capable of phosphorylating and activating the channel (Montell, 2003). TRPM2 also has catalytic ADP-ribose hydrolase activity (Farooqi et al, 2011). TRPM channels are regulated by oxidative stress, Ca 2+ , ATP, stretch, and temperature (Zholos et al, 2011).…”