Triple nostrils in a calf

Abstract

Background: Nasal abnormalities are rare in bovines. In humans, nasal deformities are mainly classified as proboscis lateralis or supernumerary nostrils. This report discusses the etiology of triple nostrils in a calf, based on computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and endoscopy. Case presentation: A female Holstein calf presented with triple nostrils. The following abnormalities were observed: (1) formation of a small and flat blind-ended middle nostril between the right and left nostrils; (2) presence of a hair-bearing surface on the muzzle; (3) abnormal curvature of the nasal septum, resulting in a narrower right nasal cavity due to transformation of the nasal bones; and (4) formation of a bone-like structure within the nasal septum. These findings were similar to those of supernumerary nostrils in humans. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first description of a calf with triple nostrils. The use of imaging modalities is necessary for investigating the etiology of triple nostrils.

Diagnostic and Therapeutic Evaluations of Computed Tomography in Three Calves with Unilateral Otitis Media Treated with Ventral Bulla Osteotomy

“…Osteolytic changes that develop simultaneously within the extended tympanic bulla are the possible cause of infectious invasion to the meninges, together with elevated middle- and inner-ear pressure [ 3 , 5 ]. CT can provide sections from every direction and three-dimensional images can be built up through the reconstruction of consecutive scans, as well as the basic axial sections [ 26 , 27 ]. This function can allow the identification of the morphological relationship between the primary and secondary lesions, and the degree of the lesion’s extension, in diagnosis of various head diseases, inducing osseous abnormalities [ 26 , 27 ].…”

“…CT can provide sections from every direction and three-dimensional images can be built up through the reconstruction of consecutive scans, as well as the basic axial sections [ 26 , 27 ]. This function can allow the identification of the morphological relationship between the primary and secondary lesions, and the degree of the lesion’s extension, in diagnosis of various head diseases, inducing osseous abnormalities [ 26 , 27 ]. As demonstrated in this study, the measurements of the length and width in the middle-ear structures can confirm the severity of the extensive and destructive changes, providing useful evidence for surgical planning [ 4 , 5 ].…”

Surgical and histopathological study of quadruple nostrils in a Holstein calf

“…Two main types of congenital nasal malformations have been reported in humans: proboscis lateralis (a rare acquired facial abnormality with a trunk-like projection near the nose), and supernumerary nostrils (additional nostril with or without accessory cartilage). [1][2][3] The incidence of these growths is estimated to between 1:1,000,000 and 1:100,000 live births. 1 There is a slight male predilection.…”

“…4 To the best of our knowledge, there are only rare reports of congenital nasal malformations in cattle, With triple nostrils only reported in a female Holstein calf. 3 The aim of this case report is to describe the macroscopic, surgical and histopathological findings of a tubular structure with two accessory nostrils in the upper region of the normal nose in a female Holstein calf, resembling proboscis lateralis in humans.…”