Triphasic Waves in Cerebral Carcinomatosis

Carcinomatous meningitis: Yet another cause for rapidly progressive dementia and triphasic waves in electroencephalograph!

“…Presence of periodic 1.0-2.0 Hz triphasic waves in scalp electroencephalograph (EEG) in a middle aged and old individual, manifesting with dementia, is considered as highly suggestive of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). [1] However "similar EEG findings" have been reported in metabolic disorders, hepatic encephalopathy, hyperammonemia, thyrotoxic encephalopathy, lithium toxicity, carcinomatous meningitis among others. [2] There are isolated reports of carcinomatous meningitis manifesting with rapid decline in cognitive function.…”

“…This observation in the setting of rapidly progressive dementia is highly suggestive of CJD and has been reported in meningeal carcinomatosis, diagnosed only at autopsy. [1,14] Exact frequency of such EEG findings in patients with carcinomatous meningitis may not be not available, because EEG is not routinely carried out when the diagnosis of carcinomatous meningitis is confirmed by CSF analysis. Meningeal carcinomatosis should therefore be included as a differential diagnosis of such an EEG pattern.…”

Carcinomatous meningitis: Yet another cause for rapidly progressive dementia and triphasic waves in electroencephalograph!

“…Presence of periodic 1.0-2.0 Hz triphasic waves in scalp electroencephalograph (EEG) in a middle aged and old individual, manifesting with dementia, is considered as highly suggestive of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). [1] However "similar EEG findings" have been reported in metabolic disorders, hepatic encephalopathy, hyperammonemia, thyrotoxic encephalopathy, lithium toxicity, carcinomatous meningitis among others. [2] There are isolated reports of carcinomatous meningitis manifesting with rapid decline in cognitive function.…”

“…This observation in the setting of rapidly progressive dementia is highly suggestive of CJD and has been reported in meningeal carcinomatosis, diagnosed only at autopsy. [1,14] Exact frequency of such EEG findings in patients with carcinomatous meningitis may not be not available, because EEG is not routinely carried out when the diagnosis of carcinomatous meningitis is confirmed by CSF analysis. Meningeal carcinomatosis should therefore be included as a differential diagnosis of such an EEG pattern.…”

Atypical or Typical Triphasic Waves—Is There a Difference? A Review

“…Finally, we included 20 articles in which atypical TWs was not a key word but appeared in the text of the figure legend, for the third step of the analysis (Table 2). 48,[73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91] The presence of atypical TWs or triphasic delta waves occurred in entities of different etiologies, including Angelman syndrome 56,58,68 (3), Hashimoto encephalopathy 69,70 (2), hyperthyroidism 61,62 (2), NCSE 31,59 (2), Alzheimer disease 54 (1), neuroleptic malignant syndrome 64,67 (2), cerebral fat embolism 63 (1), myxedema 66 (1), pentobarbital coma 57 (1), sepsis-associated encephalopathy 65 (1), West Nile virus infection 71 (1), and bialaphos poisoning 55 (1). Only two publications mentioned this category of TWs, in the context of liver failure.…”

“…Finally, we included 20 articles in which atypical TWs was not a key word but appeared in the text of the figure legend, for the third step of the analysis (Table 2). 48,73–91…”

“…The analysis of the investigations describing TWs with rare etiologies included hypothermia 73–75 (3), infectious diseases 76–80 (5), tumors 81–84 (4), vascular disorders 85–89 (5), and intracranial hypertension 90,91 (2) (Table 2). In this group, few articles showed typical TWs 73,74,76,77 ; conversely, the data in the text or figures showed atypical TWs.…”

Carcinomatous meningitis: Yet another cause for rapidly progressive dementia and triphasic waves in electroencephalograph!

“…Presence of periodic 1.0-2.0 Hz triphasic waves in scalp electroencephalograph (EEG) in a middle aged and old individual, manifesting with dementia, is considered as highly suggestive of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). [1] However "similar EEG findings" have been reported in metabolic disorders, hepatic encephalopathy, hyperammonemia, thyrotoxic encephalopathy, lithium toxicity, carcinomatous meningitis among others. [2] There are isolated reports of carcinomatous meningitis manifesting with rapid decline in cognitive function.…”

“…This observation in the setting of rapidly progressive dementia is highly suggestive of CJD and has been reported in meningeal carcinomatosis, diagnosed only at autopsy. [1,14] Exact frequency of such EEG findings in patients with carcinomatous meningitis may not be not available, because EEG is not routinely carried out when the diagnosis of carcinomatous meningitis is confirmed by CSF analysis. Meningeal carcinomatosis should therefore be included as a differential diagnosis of such an EEG pattern.…”

Atypical or Typical Triphasic Waves—Is There a Difference? A Review

“…Finally, we included 20 articles in which atypical TWs was not a key word but appeared in the text of the figure legend, for the third step of the analysis (Table 2). 48,[73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91] The presence of atypical TWs or triphasic delta waves occurred in entities of different etiologies, including Angelman syndrome 56,58,68 (3), Hashimoto encephalopathy 69,70 (2), hyperthyroidism 61,62 (2), NCSE 31,59 (2), Alzheimer disease 54 (1), neuroleptic malignant syndrome 64,67 (2), cerebral fat embolism 63 (1), myxedema 66 (1), pentobarbital coma 57 (1), sepsis-associated encephalopathy 65 (1), West Nile virus infection 71 (1), and bialaphos poisoning 55 (1). Only two publications mentioned this category of TWs, in the context of liver failure.…”

“…Finally, we included 20 articles in which atypical TWs was not a key word but appeared in the text of the figure legend, for the third step of the analysis (Table 2). 48,73–91…”

“…The analysis of the investigations describing TWs with rare etiologies included hypothermia 73–75 (3), infectious diseases 76–80 (5), tumors 81–84 (4), vascular disorders 85–89 (5), and intracranial hypertension 90,91 (2) (Table 2). In this group, few articles showed typical TWs 73,74,76,77 ; conversely, the data in the text or figures showed atypical TWs.…”

Carcinomatous meningitis: Yet another cause for rapidly progressive dementia and triphasic waves in electroencephalograph!

“…Presence of periodic 1.0-2.0 Hz triphasic waves in scalp electroencephalograph (EEG) in a middle aged and old individual, manifesting with dementia, is considered as highly suggestive of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). [1] However "similar EEG findings" have been reported in metabolic disorders, hepatic encephalopathy, hyperammonemia, thyrotoxic encephalopathy, lithium toxicity, carcinomatous meningitis among others. [2] There are isolated reports of carcinomatous meningitis manifesting with rapid decline in cognitive function.…”

“…This observation in the setting of rapidly progressive dementia is highly suggestive of CJD and has been reported in meningeal carcinomatosis, diagnosed only at autopsy. [1,14] Exact frequency of such EEG findings in patients with carcinomatous meningitis may not be not available, because EEG is not routinely carried out when the diagnosis of carcinomatous meningitis is confirmed by CSF analysis. Meningeal carcinomatosis should therefore be included as a differential diagnosis of such an EEG pattern.…”

Atypical or Typical Triphasic Waves—Is There a Difference? A Review

“…Finally, we included 20 articles in which atypical TWs was not a key word but appeared in the text of the figure legend, for the third step of the analysis (Table 2). 48,[73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91] The presence of atypical TWs or triphasic delta waves occurred in entities of different etiologies, including Angelman syndrome 56,58,68 (3), Hashimoto encephalopathy 69,70 (2), hyperthyroidism 61,62 (2), NCSE 31,59 (2), Alzheimer disease 54 (1), neuroleptic malignant syndrome 64,67 (2), cerebral fat embolism 63 (1), myxedema 66 (1), pentobarbital coma 57 (1), sepsis-associated encephalopathy 65 (1), West Nile virus infection 71 (1), and bialaphos poisoning 55 (1). Only two publications mentioned this category of TWs, in the context of liver failure.…”

“…Finally, we included 20 articles in which atypical TWs was not a key word but appeared in the text of the figure legend, for the third step of the analysis (Table 2). 48,73–91…”

“…The analysis of the investigations describing TWs with rare etiologies included hypothermia 73–75 (3), infectious diseases 76–80 (5), tumors 81–84 (4), vascular disorders 85–89 (5), and intracranial hypertension 90,91 (2) (Table 2). In this group, few articles showed typical TWs 73,74,76,77 ; conversely, the data in the text or figures showed atypical TWs.…”