Triflusal: An Antiplatelet Drug with a Neuroprotective Effect?

Correa, José Antonio González; Cruz, J. P. De La

doi:10.1111/j.1527-3466.2006.00011.x

Cited by 15 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…This drug is a 4-fluoromethyl derivative of salicylic acid used for secondary prevention of ischemic stroke [2, 3]. A number of recent experimental and clinical studies have shown that triflusal is a potentially useful choice in the treatment and prophylaxis of brain ischemia because of its antithrombogenic as well as neuroprotective effects [5]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it has been demonstrated that different antiplatelets have non-platelet-related effects which may explain, in part, their roles in preventing thrombotic events [4]. Indeed, both triflusal and aspirin have properties that may help protecting the brain against neuroinflammatory and apoptotic mechanisms in cerebral ischemia; however, triflusal may have additional neuroprotective potential [5]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Triflusal and Aspirin Have Different Effects on Inflammatory Biomarkers Measured in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke

Álvarez-Sabín¹,

Peñalba

Quintana³

et al. 2009

Cerebrovasc Dis

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Background and Purpose: Triflusal is a 4-fluoromethyl derivative of salicylic acid used for secondary prevention of ischemic stroke. Recent experimental data (permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats) have shown a possible role of triflusal in neuroprotection through inhibition of inflammatory pathways. Methods: To explore whether triflusal may modulate those pathways in human stroke, evolution of several inflammation markers (pro-inflammatory, adhesion molecules, chemokines, metalloproteinases, apoptosis and angiogenesis-related biomarkers) and neurological outcome were evaluated at baseline, and at days 1, 3, 7 and 90 in a pilot study in which 30 patients with acute ischemic stroke were randomly allocated to receive triflusal or aspirin. Results: An increase in IL-6 level was found in the aspirin group when compared to the triflusal group at the third and seventh day (p < 0.05). FGF-basic level was significantly increased at days 1 and 90 in the triflusal group (p = 0.040). The triflusal group also had higher levels of MIP-1α and MIP-1β (p < 0.05) at day 1. Also among triflusal-treated patients, MCP-1 and TARC levels were increased as compared with the aspirin group at day 90 (p < 0.05). Interestingly, some of those markers modified by triflusal (MCP-1 and IL-6) were associated with neurological outcome: higher MCP-1 measured at day 3 among patients who improve at day 7 [462.3 (419.2–735.2) vs. 285 (242.1–428.2), p < 0.05], and lower levels of IL-6 at day 3 among patients who improve at day 90 [24.8 (5.6–77.3) vs. 5.4 (2.0–13.8), p < 0.05]. Conclusion: Triflusal modulates additional mechanisms to those of aspirin [pro-inflammatory (IL-6) and chemokine (MIP-1 and MCP-1) pathways] that could participate in the ischemic damage process following human acute stroke.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triflusal and Aspirin Have Different Effects on Inflammatory Biomarkers Measured in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke

Álvarez-Sabín¹,

Peñalba

Quintana³

et al. 2009

Cerebrovasc Dis

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“…It is administered orally and gets absorbed in the small intestine. It binds to plasma proteins (99%) and crosses organic barriers readily [18,19]. Keeping in views of these properties, the present work was undertaken to explore the nature physico-chemical interaction between triflusal and surfactant molecules kinetically.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micellar effects upon the rate of alkaline hydrolysis of triflusal

Al‐Lohedan

Al-Blewi

Rafiquee

et al. 2015

Journal of Molecular Liquids

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“…Triflusal ( Figure 1 ) is a platelet aggregation inhibitor chemically related to acetylsalicylic acid, which is used for the prevention and/or treatment of vascular thromboembolisms (McNeely and Goa, 1998; Gonzalez-Correa and De La Cruz, 2006). Additionally, triflusal increases nitric oxide synthesis in neutrophils, leading to an increased vasodilator potential (Matías-Guiu et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Structurally, it differs from the latter in having a trifluoromethyl moiety at position 4 (Matías-Guiu et al, 2003; Gonzalez-Correa and De La Cruz, 2006). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosensitivity to Triflusal: Formation of a Photoadduct with Ubiquitin Demonstrated by Photophysical and Proteomic Techniques

et al. 2016

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Triflusal is a platelet aggregation inhibitor chemically related to acetylsalicylic acid, which is used for the prevention and/or treatment of vascular thromboembolisms, which acts as a prodrug. Actually, after oral administration it is absorbed primarily in the small intestine, binds to plasma proteins (99%) and is rapidly biotransformed in the liver into its deacetylated active metabolite 2-hydroxy-4-trifluoromethylbenzoic acid (HTB). In healthy humans, the half-life of triflusal is ca. 0.5 h, whereas for HTB it is ca. 35 h. From a pharmacological point of view, it is interesting to note that HTB is itself highly active as a platelet anti-aggregant agent. Indeed, studies on the clinical profile of both drug and metabolite have shown no significant differences between them. It has been evidenced that HTB displays ability to induce photoallergy in humans. This phenomenon involves a cell-mediated immune response, which is initiated by covalent binding of a light-activated photosensitizer (or a species derived therefrom) to a protein. In this context, small proteins like ubiquitin could be appropriate models for investigating covalent binding by means of MS/MS and peptide fingerprint analysis. In previous work, it was shown that HTB forms covalent photoadducts with isolated lysine. Interestingly, ubiquitin contains seven lysine residues that could be modified by a similar reaction. With this background, the aim of the present work is to explore adduct formation between the triflusal metabolite and ubiquitin as model protein upon sunlight irradiation, combining proteomic and photophysical (fluorescence and laser flash photolysis) techniques. Photophysical and proteomic analysis demonstrates monoadduct formation as the major outcome of the reaction. Interestingly, addition can take place at any of the ε-amino groups of the lysine residues of the protein and involves replacement of the trifluoromethyl moiety with a new amide function. This process can in principle occur with other trifluoroaromatic compounds and may be responsible for the appearance of undesired photoallergic side effects.

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Triflusal: An Antiplatelet Drug with a Neuroprotective Effect?

Cited by 15 publications

References 50 publications

Triflusal and Aspirin Have Different Effects on Inflammatory Biomarkers Measured in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke

Triflusal and Aspirin Have Different Effects on Inflammatory Biomarkers Measured in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke

Micellar effects upon the rate of alkaline hydrolysis of triflusal

Photosensitivity to Triflusal: Formation of a Photoadduct with Ubiquitin Demonstrated by Photophysical and Proteomic Techniques

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