Trichothecenes and aspinolides produced by <i>Trichoderma arundinaceum</i> regulate expression of <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> genes involved in virulence and growth

Malmierca, Mónica G.; Izquierdo-Bueno, Inmaculada; McCormick, Susan P.; Cardoza, Rosa E.; Alexander, Nancy J.; Barúa, Javier; Lindo, Laura; Casquero, Pedro A.; Collado, Isidro G.; Monte, Enrique; Gutiérrez, Santiago

doi:10.1111/1462-2920.13410

Cited by 22 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Some Fusarium trichothecenes are among the mycotoxins of most concern to food and feed safety (Desjardins, 2006). In contrast, in vivo studies indicate that trichothecenes produced by Trichoderma arundinaceum and T. albolutescens lack phytotoxicity and contribute to the biological control activity against some plant diseases caused by fungi or viruses (Malmierca et al, 2012;Malmierca et al, 2016;Ryu et al, 2017). Trichoderma arundinaceum trichothecenes, e.g., harzianum A (HA), induce expression of plant genes related to salicylate (SA) and jasmonate/ethylene (JA)/(ET) defense pathways (Malmierca et al, 2012;Malmierca et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of trichothecene production by Trichoderma arundinaceum isolates from bean-field soils on the defense response, growth and development of bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris)

et al. 2022

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The trichothecene toxin-producing fungus Trichoderma arundinaceum has potential as a biological control agent. However, most biocontrol studies have focused only on one strain, IBT 40837. In the current study, three Trichoderma isolates recovered from bean-field soils produced the trichothecene harzianum A (HA) and trichodermol, the latter being an intermediate in the HA biosynthesis. Based on phylogenetic analysis, the three isolates were assigned to the species T. arundinaceum. Their genome sequences had a high degree of similarity to the reference IBT 40837 strain, in terms of total genome size, number of predicted genes, and diversity of putative secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters. HA production by these bean-field isolates conferred significant in vitro antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, which are some of the most important bean pathogens. Furthermore, the bean-field isolates stimulated germination of bean seeds and subsequent growth of above ground parts of the bean plant. Transcriptomic analysis of bean plants inoculated with these T. arundinaceum bean-field soil isolates indicated that HA production significantly affected expression of plant defense-related genes; this effect was particularly significant in the expression of chitinase-encoding genes. Together, these results indicate that Trichoderma species producing non-phytotoxic trichothecenes can induce defenses in plants without negatively affecting germination and development

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of trichothecene production by Trichoderma arundinaceum isolates from bean-field soils on the defense response, growth and development of bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris)

et al. 2022

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“… Reboledo et al (2020) studied genome-wide transcriptional profiling of B. cinerea during different infection stages. In addition, the two secondary metabolites BOT and BOA produced by B. cinerea are also the focus of research ( Dalmais et al, 2011 ; Malmierca et al, 2016 ). In addition to phytotoxins, B. cinerea can also secrete a variety of secondary metabolites, one of the most famous secondary metabolites is ABA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The BcLAE1 is involved in the regulation of ABA biosynthesis in Botrytis cinerea TB-31

et al. 2022

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Abscisic acid (ABA), as a classic plant hormone, is a key factor in balancing the metabolism of endogenous plant hormones, and plays an important role in regulating the activation of mammalian innate immune cells and glucose homeostasis. Currently, Botrytis cinerea has been used for fermentation to produce ABA. However, the mechanism of the regulation of ABA biosynthesis in B. cinerea is still not fully understood. The putative methyltransferase LaeA/LAE1 is a global regulator involved in the biosynthesis of a variety of secondary metabolites in filamentous fungi. In this study, we demonstrated that BcLAE1 plays an important role in the regulation of ABA biosynthesis in B. cinerea TB-31 by knockout experiment. The deletion of Bclae1 caused a 95% reduction in ABA yields, accompanied by a decrease of the transcriptional level of the ABA synthesis gene cluster Bcaba1-4. Further RNA-seq analysis indicated that deletion of Bclae1 also affected the expression level of key enzymes of BOA and BOT in secondary metabolism, and accompanied by clustering regulatory features. Meanwhile, we found that BcLAE1 is involved in epigenetic regulation as a methyltransferase, with enhanced H3K9me3 modification and attenuated H3K4me2 modification in ΔBclae1 mutant, and this may be a strategy for BcLAE1 to regulate ABA synthesis.

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“…seem to convert ZEN into its reduced and sulfated forms and metabolize DON to deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside, a detoxification product of DON previously identified in plants [87,88]. In the interaction of the mycoparasite T. arundinaceum with B. cinerea, Botrytis-derived mycotoxins botrydial and botcinins attenuated trichothecene biosynthesis gene expression in Trichoderma while botrydial production was repressed by Trichoderma-derived harzianum A and aspinolide [89][90][91].…”

Section: Cross-talk By and Response To Secondary Metabolites In Mycoparasitic Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Secondary Metabolites of Mycoparasitic Fungi

Speckbacher¹,

Zeilinger²

2018

Secondary Metabolites - Sources and Applications

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Mycoparasitic fungi, fungi preying on other fungal species, are prolific producers of volatile and non-volatile secondary metabolites. Several secondary metabolites are produced during mycoparasitism to weaken the host and support attack and parasitism. Further, evidence accumulated that some secondary metabolites also act as communication molecules. Besides their antagonistic activity, several fungal mycoparasites exhibit beneficial effects on plants and some of their secondary metabolites have plant growthpromoting and defense stimulating activities. As many secondary metabolism-associated gene clusters remain silent under standard laboratory conditions, the full variety as well as the underlying biosynthetic pathways employed by fungal mycoparasites for secondary metabolite production still await clarification. Nonetheless, the variety of currently known secondary metabolites and their range of activities is impressive already and they exhibit a great potential for agriculture, pharmacology and other industrial applications.

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Trichothecenes and aspinolides produced by Trichoderma arundinaceum regulate expression of Botrytis cinerea genes involved in virulence and growth

Cited by 22 publications

References 45 publications

Effects of trichothecene production by Trichoderma arundinaceum isolates from bean-field soils on the defense response, growth and development of bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris)

Effects of trichothecene production by Trichoderma arundinaceum isolates from bean-field soils on the defense response, growth and development of bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris)

The BcLAE1 is involved in the regulation of ABA biosynthesis in Botrytis cinerea TB-31

Secondary Metabolites of Mycoparasitic Fungi

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