Trichinella spiralis: enteric mucin-related response to experimental infection in conventional and SPF pigs

Théodoropoulos, Georgios; Hicks, Sally J.; Corfield, Anthony P.; Miller, B. G.; Kapel, Christian M. O.; Trivizaki, M.; Balaskas, Christos; Petrakos, George; Carrington, S.D.

doi:10.1016/j.exppara.2004.11.006

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…To detect sulfomucin, the HID-AB pH 2.5 method was employed. With this method, some goblet cells were stained dark brown, while other goblet cells showed a double stain with HID (brown) and AB stain (blue), suggesting that these goblet cells may be positive for both sulfomucin and sialomucin (Theodoropoulos et al 2005). The numbers of HID-positive goblet cells (HID-single positive plus HID-AB-double positive) were counted using a microscope.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration of the expression profiles of acidic mucin, sialytransferase, and sulfotransferases in the intestinal epithelium of rats infected with the nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis

et al. 2008

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Acidic mucins such as sialomucin and sulfomucin produced by intestinal epithelial cells have been implicated in the protection of the mucosa from pathogens. In the present study, we analyzed the alteration of acidic mucins in the jejunum of euthymic and athymic rats infected with the nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis using alcian blue staining and a high iron-diamine method. The numbers of sialomucin+ goblet cells increased markedly 7 and 10 days post-infection and decreased gradually thereafter in euthymic rats, while athymic rats did not show sialomucin+ goblet cell hyperplasia at least until 28 days post-infection, suggesting that sialomucin production might be regulated by thymus-derived T cells. On the other hand, the numbers of sulfomucin+ goblet cells increased markedly 28 days post-infection in both euthymic and athymic rats despite the fact that sulfomucin+ goblet cell numbers in uninfected athymic rats were significantly smaller than in euthymic rats. Real-time polymerase chain reaction studies on the gene transcription levels of O-glycan sulfotransferases Gal3ST1, Gal3ST2, Gal3ST3, and Gal3ST4 in the jejunal epithelium increased gradually toward day 28 post-infection in euthymic and athymic rats. These results suggest that the production of sulfomucin and expression of Gal3STs are inducible by nematode infection without the activation of thymus-derived T cells.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration of the expression profiles of acidic mucin, sialytransferase, and sulfotransferases in the intestinal epithelium of rats infected with the nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis

et al. 2008

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“…For example, Muc2 and Muc17 transcripts are significantly upregulated during T. spiralis infection in mice,50 and in an experimental T. spiralis infection in pigs, there was an increase in goblet cell‐stored mucins and a change in the glycosylation pattern of the mucin glycans within the small intestine 71. Moreover, using a porcine model of Trichuris infection, Trichuris suis , there was a significant upregulation of mucin production,72 and in mice, T. muris infection caused an increase in the levels of Muc2 transcripts only at the site of the parasite colonization (ie the mouse caecum) at the time of worm expulsion.…”

Section: Gi Nematode Infection and Mucinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and Muc17 transcripts are significantly upregulated during T. spiralis infection in mice, 50 and in an experimental T. spiralis infection in pigs, there was an increase in goblet cell-stored mucins and a change in the glycosylation pattern of the mucin glycans within the small intestine. 71 Moreover, using a porcine model of Trichuris infection, Trichuris suis, there was a significant upregulation of mucin production, 72 vailed. 73 Further studies showed there was an induction of the polymeric mucin Muc5ac, normally a gastric and lung mucin, which was important for T. muris parasite expulsion and suggested a protective function for this mucin in the intestine.…”

Section: Gi Nematode Infection and Mucinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A sticky end for gastrointestinal helminths; the role of the mucus barrier

Sharpe

Thornton

Grencis

2018

Parasite Immunology

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SummaryGastrointestinal (GI) nematodes are a group of successful multicellular parasites that have evolved to coexist within the intestinal niche of multiple species. It is estimated that over 10% of the world's population are chronically infected by GI nematodes, making this group of parasitic nematodes a major burden to global health. Despite the large number of affected individuals, there are few effective treatments to eradicate these infections. Research into GI nematode infections has primarily focused on defining the immunological and pathological consequences on host protection. One important but neglected aspect of host protection is mucus, and the concept that mucus is just a simple barrier is no longer tenable. In fact, mucus is a highly regulated and dynamic‐secreted matrix, underpinned by a physical hydrated network of highly glycosylated mucins, which is increasingly recognized to have a key protective role against GI nematode infections. Unravelling the complex interplay between mucins, the underlying epithelium and immune cells during infection are a major challenge and are required to fully define the protective role of the mucus barrier. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on mucins and the mucus barrier during GI nematode infections, with particular focus on murine models of infection.

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“…This indicates the participation of saprophytic bacteria in mucus production. Increases in SCFA concentrations resulting from the activity of these bacteria could be correlated with increases in mucus production (Theodoropoulos et al, 2005). In this study, no such dependence has been confirmed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 38%

The influence of orally administered short chain fatty acids on intestinal histopathological changes and intensity of Trichinella spiralis infection in mice

Miśta¹,

Piekarska²,

Houszka³

et al. 2010

Vet. Med.

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ABSTRACT:The influence of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) on histopathological changes in the small intestine and the intensity of invasion of T. spiralis in mice were investigated in this study. The animals were infected with doses of 500 and 250 T. spiralis larvae per mouse. A SCFA solution containing acetic, propionic and butyric acid (30 : 15 : 20mM) was administered orally to the mice starting from the 5 th day before infection to the 20 th day after infection (day). Fragments of the jejunum collected during dissection on the 7 th and 10 th day were used to prepare specimens to assess the histopathological changes. In the infected animals, the intestinal trichinellae were counted on the 7 th and 10 th day, while on the 42 nd day the muscle larvae number were determined. The strongest host reaction in the intestine was observed on the 7 th day at a dose of T. spiralis 500 larvae, and on the 10 th day at a dose of 250 larvae. Numerous inflammatory infiltrations, strong shortening of the intestinal villi, extension of the intestinal crypts, and the lowest ratio of the villi length to the intestinal crypts depth were observed. The ratio was 1.3 ± 0.3 on the 7 th day at a dose of 500 larvae, and on the 10 th day, at dose of 250 larvae the ratio reached 1.5 ± 0.5. Both values differed significantly from the control group: 3.3 ± 0.5 (P < 0.01). Administration of SCFA to the animals infected with T. spiralis caused remission of local histopathological changes resulting from the presence of the parasite in the small intestine after the mentioned periods. This manifested as limited villi shortening and reduced deepening of intestinal crypts. At the higher infectious dose, in animals receiving the acid solution, on the 7 th day the intestinal villi were considerably longer (356 µm ± 35) than in the group infected with T. spiralis but not treated with the acids (279 µm ± 57; P < 0.01). At a lower dose of parasites, on the 10 th day these values were 339 µm ± 88 and 306 µm ± 47 respectively and the observed differences were not statistically significant. The solution of SCFA also caused a decrease in the numbers of mature parasites in the intestine and the muscle larvae at a dose of 500 larvae/mouse. In animals receiving the SCFA, 24 050 ± 10 415 larvae were observed in muscles, while in the infected mice, which did not receive the acids, 32 875 ± 16 762 larvae were detected (P < 0.05). An increase in the intensity of infection accelerated the rate of host reaction to the presence of T. spiralis in the intestines (self-cure). To summarize, the administered solution of short chain fatty acids alleviated the formation of histopathological changes in the intestine in response to the parasite's presence, and lowered the intensity of T. spiralis invasion after infection with a higher dose of larvae.

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Trichinella spiralis: enteric mucin-related response to experimental infection in conventional and SPF pigs

Cited by 17 publications

References 17 publications

Alteration of the expression profiles of acidic mucin, sialytransferase, and sulfotransferases in the intestinal epithelium of rats infected with the nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis

Alteration of the expression profiles of acidic mucin, sialytransferase, and sulfotransferases in the intestinal epithelium of rats infected with the nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis

A sticky end for gastrointestinal helminths; the role of the mucus barrier

The influence of orally administered short chain fatty acids on intestinal histopathological changes and intensity of Trichinella spiralis infection in mice

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