Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Energy Harvesting in Ocean: A Review on Application and Hybridization

Abstract

With recent advancements in technology, energy storage for gadgets and sensors has become a challenging task. Among several alternatives, the triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) have been recognized as one of the most reliable methods to cure conventional battery innovation’s inadequacies. A TENG transfers mechanical energy from the surrounding environment into power. Natural energy resources can empower TENGs to create a clean and conveyed energy network, which can finally facilitate the development of different remote gadgets. In this review paper, TENGs targeting various environmental energy resources are systematically summarized. First, a brief introduction is given to the ocean waves’ principles, as well as the conventional energy harvesting devices. Next, different TENG systems are discussed in details. Furthermore, hybridization of TENGs with other energy innovations such as solar cells, electromagnetic generators, piezoelectric nanogenerators and magnetic intensity are investigated as an efficient technique to improve their performance. Advantages and disadvantages of different TENG structures are explored. A high level overview is provided on the connection of TENGs with structural health monitoring, artificial intelligence and the path forward.

Recent Progress of Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Biomedical Sensors: From Design to Application

“… ( a ) Description of the fundamental theories relating to the physics of TENGs. ( b ) Triboelectric series for some common materials [ 45 , 64 ]. …”

Magnetic capsulate triboelectric nanogenerators

“…Comparing to the existing structures on energy harvesting in ocean, the proposed MC-TENG are developed under the considerations of fatigue and possible loss of elasticity. The magnetic configuration in this study utilizes magnets to replace the lever arms 35 or springs 36 , 37 such that to reduce the fatigue of the materials. In particular, magnets are used to provide the transmitting force from the ocean waves to the TENG capsules in the loading phase, and enable the return of the capsules to their original positions in the unloading phase.…”

Rolling Spherical Triboelectric Nanogenerators (RS-TENG) under Low-Frequency Ocean Wave Action

“…Innovative technologies have been developed to extract mechanical energy from the environment and convert it into electrical energy, including electromagnetic, electrostatic and piezoelectric methods [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Ocean wave action makes up a significant part of the ocean's energy, and is estimated to be around 2-3 TW along coastlines worldwide [6].…”

“…Innovative technologies have been developed to extract mechanical energy from the environment and convert it into electrical energy, including electromagnetic, electrostatic and piezoelectric methods [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Ocean wave action makes up a significant part of the ocean's energy, and is estimated to be around 2-3 TW along coastlines worldwide [6]. In recent years, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) with the benefits of high power density, light weight, etc., have been developed as a green energy technique for energy harvesting under various application scenarios [12][13][14].…”

“…For the first time, in 2014 TENG was utilized to gather wave energy [21]. TENG has a number of advantages over electromagnetic (EMG) generation, including higher power density (up to 3200 W/m 2 ), lower weight, increased productivity (up to 70%) and lower production costs [6]. It is a significant advance in the attempt to collect low-frequency ocean energy.…”