Triarylmethane and Diarylmethane Dyes

Abstract

The article contains sections titled: 1. Definition and Chromophores 1.1. Definition 1.2. Chromophores 2. History and Economic Importance 2.1. History 2.2. Economic Importance 3. Production 4. Uses 5. Diphenylmethane Dyes 5.1. Michler's Hydrol and Derivatives 5.2. Michler's Ketone, Auramines, and Derivatives 5.2.1. Michler's Ketone 5.2.2. Auramines 6. Triphenylmethane Dyes 6.1. Monoaminotriphenylmethane Dyes 6.1.1. Cationic Dyes 6.1.2. Nonionic Derivatives (Triphenylmethanol Derivatives and Lactones) 6.2. Diaminotriphenylmethane Dyes 6.2.1. Cationic Dyes 6.2.2. Nonionic Derivatives (Triphenylmethanol and Triphenylmethylamine Derivatives) 6.2.3. Anionic Dyes 6.3. Triaminotriphenylmethane Dyes 6.3.1. Cationic Dyes 6.3.2. Nonionic Derivatives (Triphenylmethanol Derivatives and Lactones) 6.3.3. Betaines and Anionic Dyes 6.4. Hydroxytriphenylmethane Dyes 6.4.1. Metal‐Complex Dyes 6.4.2. Nonionic Derivatives (Triphenylmethanol Derivatives and Lactones) 7. Heteroaryldiarylmethane and Diheteroarylarylmethane Dyes 7.1. Cationic Dyes 7.1.1. Monoaminodiphenylheteroarylmethane Dyes 7.1.2. Diaminodiphenylheteroarylmethane Dyes 7.2. Nonionic Derivatives (Triphenylmethanol Derivatives, Lactones, and Leuco Compounds) 8. Dyes with Several Chromophores 8.1. Bis(triarylmethane) Dyes 8.2. Oligomeric and Polymeric Triarylmethane Dyes 8.3. Triarylmethane Dyes with Other Chromophores 9. Acridine Dyes 10. Xanthene Dyes 10.1. Ring‐Closed Diphenylmethane Dyes (Pyronins) 10.2. Ring‐Closed Triphenylmethane Dyes 10.2.1. Monoaminoxanthene Dyes 10.2.1.1. Cationic Dyes 10.2.1.2. Fluorans 10.2.2. Diaminoxanthene Dyes 10.2.2.1. Cationic Dyes 10.2.2.2. Nonionic Derivatives (Lactones and Related Compounds) 10.2.2.3. Anionic Dyes 10.2.3. Hydroxyxanthene Dyes 11. Thioxanthene Dyes 12. Other Ring‐Closed Triarylmethane Dyes 12.1. Cationic Dyes 12.2. Nonionic Derivatives (Triphenylmethanol Derivatives and Lactones) 13. Toxicology

Computational Studies of Suitability of Triarylmethane-Coumarins as Sensitizer for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

“…But in the calculated structure the donor groups are in the pyridinic form, consequently the positive charge is resonating between the two pyridinic groups. This is consistent with the widely accepted structure of symmetrical cationic triarylmethanes that the positive resides on the central methine carbon [20].…”

Computational Studies of Suitability of Triarylmethane-Coumarins as Sensitizer for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

“…But in the calculated structure the donor groups are in the pyridinic form, consequently the positive charge is resonating between the two pyridinic groups. This is consistent with the widely accepted structure of symmetrical cationic triarylmethanes that the positive resides on the central methine carbon [20].…”

3,3-Bis(hydroxyaryl)oxindoles and Spirooxindoles Bearing a Xanthene Moiety: Synthesis, Mechanism, and Biological Activity

“…Then, the solvents were evaporated in vacuo. The retention time of the product (6) matched that of the side product seen during the synthesis of 4h.…”

An Introduction and Recent Advances in the Analytical Study of Early Synthetic Dyes and Organic Pigments in Cultural Heritage

“…Diarylmethane dyes represent a small category, with Auramine (Basic Yellow 2 41000) being the main dye. Its synthesis from Michler's ketone (bis[4-(dimeth mino)phenyl]methanone) represents an insightful reaction (Figure 8), as it appears t vert during ageing [54,55]. A similar mechanism has been observed as the degrada pathway of other triarylmethane dyes [28], as discussed in Section 5.2.…”

Computational Studies of Suitability of Triarylmethane-Coumarins as Sensitizer for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

“…But in the calculated structure the donor groups are in the pyridinic form, consequently the positive charge is resonating between the two pyridinic groups. This is consistent with the widely accepted structure of symmetrical cationic triarylmethanes that the positive resides on the central methine carbon [20].…”

3,3-Bis(hydroxyaryl)oxindoles and Spirooxindoles Bearing a Xanthene Moiety: Synthesis, Mechanism, and Biological Activity

“…Then, the solvents were evaporated in vacuo. The retention time of the product (6) matched that of the side product seen during the synthesis of 4h.…”

An Introduction and Recent Advances in the Analytical Study of Early Synthetic Dyes and Organic Pigments in Cultural Heritage

“…Diarylmethane dyes represent a small category, with Auramine (Basic Yellow 2 41000) being the main dye. Its synthesis from Michler's ketone (bis[4-(dimeth mino)phenyl]methanone) represents an insightful reaction (Figure 8), as it appears t vert during ageing [54,55]. A similar mechanism has been observed as the degrada pathway of other triarylmethane dyes [28], as discussed in Section 5.2.…”

Computational Studies of Suitability of Triarylmethane-Coumarins as Sensitizer for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

“…But in the calculated structure the donor groups are in the pyridinic form, consequently the positive charge is resonating between the two pyridinic groups. This is consistent with the widely accepted structure of symmetrical cationic triarylmethanes that the positive resides on the central methine carbon [20].…”

3,3-Bis(hydroxyaryl)oxindoles and Spirooxindoles Bearing a Xanthene Moiety: Synthesis, Mechanism, and Biological Activity

“…Then, the solvents were evaporated in vacuo. The retention time of the product (6) matched that of the side product seen during the synthesis of 4h.…”

An Introduction and Recent Advances in the Analytical Study of Early Synthetic Dyes and Organic Pigments in Cultural Heritage

“…Diarylmethane dyes represent a small category, with Auramine (Basic Yellow 2 41000) being the main dye. Its synthesis from Michler's ketone (bis[4-(dimeth mino)phenyl]methanone) represents an insightful reaction (Figure 8), as it appears t vert during ageing [54,55]. A similar mechanism has been observed as the degrada pathway of other triarylmethane dyes [28], as discussed in Section 5.2.…”