Triangulation Without Tears

Farquhar, Jillian Dawes; Michels, Nicolette

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-19428-8_86

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The two observers worked independently, with occasional discussions. Such triangulation can help ensure that underlying biases arising from the use of single observers are addressed (Farquhar & Michels, 2016;Noble & Heale, 2019). Thus the theory that was successfully built from the collected data became stronger.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Formative Evaluation of Digital Learning Materials

Mertasari

Candiasa

2022

j.of education technology

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The use of digital learning materials through e-learning is expected to give students experience to be able to learn themselves in the industrial era 4.0. This study aims to formulate an evaluation method for digital learning materials that is relevant to the development model used. A qualitative approach with an evaluative design through in-depth analysis is applied to student research reports, specifically research on the development of digital learning materials. The formative evaluation method chosen and the reasons for the selection were analyzed and the results were discussed in a focus group discussion. The sample was taken from the results of research by prospective teacher. Expert review was conducted to test the validity of the content and test the design. Content validity test can be done qualitatively or quantitatively by applying Lawshe, Aiken, or Gregory techniques. The design test was carried out with a black-box test. White-box testing is very rarely implemented and is recommended when developing using a programming language. One-to-one and small group tests were conducted using think aloud, cognitive walk through, or heuristics techniques. The results of the analysis found that the formative evaluation methods of teaching materials needed were expert review, one-to-one, small group, and field evaluation. Furthermore, for field tests, inquiry methods can be applied with various techniques, such as learning object review instrument (LORI), user experience questionnaire (UEQ), or system usability scale (SUS).

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the existing data is deemed insufficient, then the data can be retrieved again. To strengthen the conclusions obtained, verification is carried out through theoretical triangulation, by interpreting using the perspectives of several theories (Farquhar & Michels, 2016;Lubis & Dasopang, 2021).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formative Evaluation of Digital Learning Materials

Mertasari

Candiasa

2022

j.of education technology

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“…In case studies, triangulation is a conjunction of various perspectives on the phenomenon being studied (Farquhar and Michels, 2016) and offers internal validity to establish academic rigour (Gliner,1994). It identifies 'patterns of convergence' (Meijer et al, 2002, p. 146) to facilitate a comprehensive and indepth multi-faceted perspective of the phenomenon.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The core-peripheral belief dynamic and its impact on teaching speaking in English as a foreign language (EFL) in grade 8 in the Faroe Islands

Vijayavarathan¹

2022

Frit

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The objective of this qualitative parallel case study was to elicit the teacher cognition of grade 8 teachers in the Faroe Islands about teaching speaking in English as a foreign language (EFL). Teacher cognition and actions were studied in context based on data from semi-structured interviews, mixed questionnaire and observations. Manual thematic analysis through using a priori and post priori codes was adopted to parse data and establish the influence of teacher cognition on teaching in the classroom and identify any common trends among participants. The results show that teacher cognition has a marked influence on teaching speaking. Congruence between cognition and teaching is apparent, with some instances of incongruence. Congruence between teacher cognition and teaching speaking rests on two factors – the marked influence of ‘apprenticeship of observation’ i.e., the influence of teachers’ personal experiences from years of education that shapes their thoughts and teaching and teacher understanding of teaching speaking as ‘doing’ speaking i.e., providing opportunities for students to speak in the classroom. Incongruence stems from the core-peripheral belief dynamic, where the predominance of core beliefs over peripheral beliefs affects the efficacy of teaching speaking.

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“…Although open to a number of perspectives, a classical view of triangulation in social sciences is that multiple and independent measures provide a more "certain portrayal" of the case that is being studied (Farquhar & Michels, 2016). Often within case studies, it is the data collection methods that are triangulated, but this approach can also be extended to data sources, theory, or the investigators.…”

Section: Triangulation Of Datamentioning

confidence: 99%