Trial of High-Dose Edmonston-Zagreb Measles Vaccine in the Gambia: Antibody Response and Side-Effects

Whittle, Hilton; O'Neill, K.P.; Marsh, V.; Aaby, Péter; Hanlon, P.; Hanlon, L.; Jupp, E.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(88)92781-x

Cited by 75 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Another study in Ghana found that 98.2% of infants were IgG positive 3 months after receipt of a single dose of measles vaccine at age 9 months [21]. In Gambian infants, seroconversion was 95.2% 5 months after vaccination at age 9 months [22]. Several factors may explain the high seroconversion to measles vaccine at 9 months in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

Immunogenicity of Measles and Rubella Vaccines in Oman: A Prospective Clinical Trial

Kohler¹,

Suleiman²,

Robertson³

et al. 2003

J INFECT DIS

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A prospective immunogenicity trial of measles and rubella vaccines was conducted in Oman. Children received measles vaccine at age 9 months and measles-rubella vaccine at age 15 months. Serum specimens were tested for measles-specific IgG and rubella-specific IgG. Of 1025 eligible infants, 881 (86.0%) returned for all five visits and had adequate serum samples for testing. Seroconversion to measles after vaccination at 9 months was 98.1%. At 15 months, 47 (5.3%) of the 881 children were seronegative for measles; of these, 44 (93.6%) seroconverted. At 16 months, 99% of the children seronegative at age 9 months seroconverted after receiving two doses of measles vaccine. At age 15 months, 684 (77.6%) children were seronegative for rubella. Of these, 676 (98.8%) seroconverted by age 16 months. One dose of measles vaccine at age 9 months was highly immunogenic. One dose of measles-rubella vaccine at age 15 months closed the remaining measles immunogenicity gap and resulted in a high rate of rubella seroconversion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

Immunogenicity of Measles and Rubella Vaccines in Oman: A Prospective Clinical Trial

Kohler¹,

Suleiman²,

Robertson³

et al. 2003

J INFECT DIS

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“…Since no current measles vaccine formulation is effective in the presence of maternal antibodies, two approaches have been used clinically to address the problem: the use of a high titer measles vaccine, and determining the earliest time point possible for successful vaccination. The high titer vaccine (>10 4.7 pfu) had a 10-50-fold higher viral titer than the standard vaccine and induced some level of protection after immunization in the presence of maternal antibodies [6,7]. However, the use of this vaccine was associated with increased mortality [8][9][10], attributed to immune suppression by the vaccine, and its use was discontinued.…”

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confidence: 99%

Sidestepping maternal antibody: a lesson from measles virus vaccination

Kim

Niewiesk

2011

Expert Review of Clinical Immunology

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“…In this age group passively transferred maternal immunoglobulins (Ig) pose a problem because declining maternal antibodies interfere with vaccine-induced seroconversion but do not protect against infection with wild-type MV (13,15). To induce immunity in the presence of maternal antibodies, high-titer vaccines (Ͼ10 4.7 PFU) were administered to infants at the age of 4 to 6 months (1,17). These infants showed good serological responses and protection against measles.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Successful Vaccine-Induced Seroconversion by Single-Dose Immunization in the Presence of Measles Virus-Specific Maternal Antibodies

Schlereth

Rose

Buonocore

et al. 2000

J Virol

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In humans, maternal antibodies inhibit successful immunization against measles, because they interfere with vaccine-induced seroconversion. We have investigated this problem using the cotton rat model (Sigmodon hispidus). As in humans, passively transferred antibodies inhibit the induction of measles virus (MV)-neutralizing antibodies and protection after immunization with MV. In contrast, a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) expressing the MV hemagglutinin (VSV-H) induces high titers of neutralizing antibodies to MV in the presence of MV-specific antibodies. The induction of neutralizing antibodies increased with increasing virus dose, and all doses gave good protection from subsequent challenge with MV. Induction of antibodies by VSV-H was observed in the presence of passively transferred human or cotton rat antibodies, which were used as the models of maternal antibodies. Because MV hemagglutinin is not a functional part of the VSV-H envelope, MV-specific antibodies only slightly inhibit VSV-H replication in vitro. This dissociation of function and antigenicity is probably key to the induction of a neutralizing antibody in the presence of a maternal antibody.Measles virus (MV) is the single most important cause of infant mortality worldwide. Vaccination with an attenuated live virus vaccine has proven to induce protective immunity in seronegative individuals, and even low titers of neutralizing antibodies seem to be protective (4, 12). In developing countries with a high level of infection, infants below the age of 12 months are at high risk for MV infection. In this age group passively transferred maternal immunoglobulins (Ig) pose a problem because declining maternal antibodies interfere with vaccine-induced seroconversion but do not protect against infection with wild-type MV (13, 15). To induce immunity in the presence of maternal antibodies, high-titer vaccines (Ͼ10 4.7 PFU) were administered to infants at the age of 4 to 6 months (1, 17). These infants showed good serological responses and protection against measles. However, especially in female children, an increased mortality due to infections other than measles was observed after immunization with high-titer vaccines (2, 7), and the use of this vaccine was therefore discontinued.In order to develop vaccine alternatives which induce MVneutralizing antibodies in the presence of maternal antibodies, we have used MV infection in the cotton rat model (Sigmodon hispidus, inbred strain Cotton NIco) (9). Cotton rats are the only rodents in which MV replicates in the respiratory tract (18). Here we demonstrate that the passive transfer of human serum containing MV-specific antibodies inhibits vaccine-induced seroconversion and abolishes protection against MV. To induce neutralizing antibodies in the presence of MV-specific antibodies, we tested a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) expressing the MV hemagglutinin (VSV-H) (14). VSV is known for the rapid induction of neutralizing antibodies against its surface protein G, and VSV recombinant...

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Trial of High-Dose Edmonston-Zagreb Measles Vaccine in the Gambia: Antibody Response and Side-Effects

Cited by 75 publications

References 9 publications

Immunogenicity of Measles and Rubella Vaccines in Oman: A Prospective Clinical Trial

Immunogenicity of Measles and Rubella Vaccines in Oman: A Prospective Clinical Trial

Sidestepping maternal antibody: a lesson from measles virus vaccination

Successful Vaccine-Induced Seroconversion by Single-Dose Immunization in the Presence of Measles Virus-Specific Maternal Antibodies

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