2001
DOI: 10.1097/00042560-200111010-00016
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Abstract: HIV prevalence decreased as injection frequency decreased and crack cocaine use increased. In SMR, patterns of drug use have been affecting the HIV epidemic more than scant public health intervention.

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Cited by 40 publications
(25 citation statements)
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“…We examined the studies with the 10 highest (Bolao and Ramon, 1995; Des Jarlais et al, 2009b; Des Jarlais et al, 2010; Des Jarlais et al, 1999; Diaz et al, 2001; Dourado et al, 1999; Mesquita et al, 2001; Neaigus et al, 1996; Platt et al, 2008; Zhang et al, 2002) and 10 lowest log ORs (Boschini et al, 1996; Des Jarlais et al, 2007a; Helal et al, 1995; Jia et al, 2008; McIntyre et al, 2001; Quan et al, 2009; Serraino et al, 1992; Yin et al, 2007; Zhang et al, 2007a; Zheng et al, 1994) to possibly identify factors associated with extreme values. The potential factors examined included sexual behavior, use of non-injected drugs such as crack cocaine, participation in commercial sex work, male-with-male sexual behavior, stigmatization of females and access to services.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…We examined the studies with the 10 highest (Bolao and Ramon, 1995; Des Jarlais et al, 2009b; Des Jarlais et al, 2010; Des Jarlais et al, 1999; Diaz et al, 2001; Dourado et al, 1999; Mesquita et al, 2001; Neaigus et al, 1996; Platt et al, 2008; Zhang et al, 2002) and 10 lowest log ORs (Boschini et al, 1996; Des Jarlais et al, 2007a; Helal et al, 1995; Jia et al, 2008; McIntyre et al, 2001; Quan et al, 2009; Serraino et al, 1992; Yin et al, 2007; Zhang et al, 2007a; Zheng et al, 1994) to possibly identify factors associated with extreme values. The potential factors examined included sexual behavior, use of non-injected drugs such as crack cocaine, participation in commercial sex work, male-with-male sexual behavior, stigmatization of females and access to services.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This was followed by a persistent high rate of newly reported AIDS cases with only a very slight (1%) decrease in newly reported cases in the three year span after the peak year. HIV prevention programs for PWID were begun in 1989 but not scaled up until the mid 1990's [17]. In 1995, PWID registered the highest number of AIDS cases which represented 22% of total AIDS cases.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The same strategy was used to pool the study from De Boni et al [68] (one substudy was conducted in Rio de Janeiro and another in Porto Alegre), as well as the study published by Mesquita et al [79] (presenting three different cross-sectional studies, conducted in 1991/92, 1994/96 and 1999). Studies were conducted in very different settings (drug addiction treatment centers, HIV-testing facilities and NGOs), accessed highly heterogeneous groups (e.g.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In an attempt to further contribute to this discussion, we aggregated studies according to period of data collection (pre-HAART era [until 1995] vs. pos-HAART era [since 1996]). Thirteen studies were conducted with IDU/NIDU in the pre-HAART era [63,64,68,69,71,77,79,81,83,85] and thirteen in the pos-HAART era [53,74,76,82,67,39,79,59,67,62,61,60,72]. Studies conducted in the pre-HAART period identified a higher HIV-prevalence: 29.5% (95% CI: 20.0 - 39.9) than studies conducted in the post-HAART period: 17.8% (95% CI: 9.09 - 28.8), see Figures 7a and 7b, respectively.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%