Trends in suicidal ideation over the first three months of COVID-19 lockdowns

Killgore, William D.S.; Cloonan, Sara; Taylor, Emily C.; Allbright, Matthew C.; Dailey, Natalie S.

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113390

Cited by 91 publications

(96 citation statements)

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“…For some types of research, MTurk samples have been found to be more representative of attitudes than nationally representative panels [ 30 ]. During the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, we have collected data from multiple similar sized samples in the past that have all provided reliable data that are closely matched with other recent findings about psychological and behavioral health status [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ]. For political ideology, as assessed here, data from MTurk surveys have been shown to be highly reliable and consistent with nationally representative samples [ 37 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

The COVID-19 Vaccine Is Here—Now Who Is Willing to Get It?

et al. 2021

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The U.S. vaccine campaign against COVID-19 began in December 2020, but many individuals seem reluctant to get vaccinated. During the first week of the vaccination campaign, we collected data from 1017 individuals with an online survey to identify factors that were associated with willingness to get the vaccine once it is available. Most participants (55.3%) were willing to get the vaccine, although 46.2% also expressed some fear of the vaccine. Political ideology was by far the most consistent predictor of both willingness to be vaccinated and fear of the vaccine, followed by participant sex, education level, income, and race/ethnicity. Our findings suggest that, for the vaccine campaign to be broadly supported and successful, it will be important for frontline healthcare workers to discuss the role of inoculation for COVID-19 in a manner consistent with each individual patient’s political and sociological worldview.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

The COVID-19 Vaccine Is Here—Now Who Is Willing to Get It?

et al. 2021

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“…Risk factors identified for thoughts of suicide or self-harm in the general population were young age (Czeisler et al, 2020;Fitzpatrick et al, 2020;Li et al, 2020), ethnic minority background (Czeisler et al, 2020;Fitzpatrick et al, 2020), essential worker status (Czeisler et al, 2020), families with children (Fitzpatrick et al, 2020), being unmarried (Fitzpatrick et al, 2020), prior psychiatric disorder (Hao et al, 2020), poorer physical health (Li et al, 2020), current lockdown (Gratz et al, 2020;Killgore et al, 2020a), less social support (Li et al, 2020), lower psychological resilience (Killgore et al, 2020e), concern about COVID-19 (Ahorsu et al, 2020;Islam et al, 2020;Killgore et al, 2020c;Wu et al, 2020b), lower adherence to infection control guidance (Li et al, 2020), loneliness and (Killgore et al, 2020b(Killgore et al, , 2020d insomnia (Killgore et al, 2020c). There was no evidence for the difference in the prevalence of thoughts of suicide when comparing hospital staff to the general population (Zhou et al, 2020), or when comparing frontline v. non-frontline health care staff (Cai et al, 2020).…”

Section: Thoughts Of Suicide or Self-harmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suicide, self-harm and thoughts of suicide or self-harm in infectious disease epidemics: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Rogers

Chesney

Oliver

et al. 2021

Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci

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Aims Suicide accounts for 2.2% of all years of life lost worldwide. We aimed to establish whether infectious epidemics are associated with any changes in the incidence of suicide or the period prevalence of self-harm, or thoughts of suicide or self-harm, with a secondary objective of establishing the frequency of these outcomes. Methods In this systematic review and meta-analysis, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and AMED were searched from inception to 9 September 2020. Studies of infectious epidemics reporting outcomes of (a) death by suicide, (b) self-harm or (c) thoughts of suicide or self-harm were identified. A random-effects model meta-analysis for the period prevalence of thoughts of suicide or self-harm was conducted. Results In total, 1354 studies were screened with 57 meeting eligibility criteria, of which 7 described death by suicide, 9 by self-harm, and 45 thoughts of suicide or self-harm. The observation period ranged from 1910 to 2020 and included epidemics of Spanish Flu, severe acute respiratory syndrome, human monkeypox, Ebola virus disease and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Regarding death by suicide, data with a clear longitudinal comparison group were available for only two epidemics: SARS in Hong Kong, finding an increase in suicides among the elderly, and COVID-19 in Japan, finding no change in suicides among children and adolescents. In terms of self-harm, five studies examined emergency department attendances in epidemic and non-epidemic periods, of which four found no difference and one showed a reduction during the epidemic. In studies of thoughts of suicide or self-harm, one large survey showed a substantial increase in period prevalence compared to non-epidemic periods, but smaller studies showed no difference. As a secondary objective, a meta-analysis of thoughts of suicide and self-harm found that the pooled prevalence was 8.0% overall (95% confidence interval (CI) 5.2–12.0%; 14 820 of 99 238 cases in 24 studies) over a time period of between seven days and six months. The quality assessment found 42 studies were of low quality, nine of moderate quality and six of high quality. Conclusions There is little robust evidence on the association of infectious epidemics with suicide, self-harm and thoughts of suicide or self-harm. There was an increase in suicides among the elderly in Hong Kong during SARS and no change in suicides among young people in Japan during COVID-19, but it is unclear how far these findings may be generalised. The development of up-to-date self-harm and suicide statistics to monitor the effect of the current pandemic is an urgent priority.

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“…Studies conducted during the present Covid-19 pandemic confirmed these findings and showed increased rates of anxiety, depression and traumatic stress across the general population in various countries 2 . Some studies also showed increases in suicidal ideation 3, 4 , notably in conditions of lockdown 5 . In France, a regular web-based survey of a representative sample of the general population conducted by Santé Publique France (“Public Heath France”) since March 16th, 2020 (https://www.santepubliquefrance.fr/etudes-et-enquetes/covid-19-une-enquete-pour-suivre-l-evolution-des-comportements-et-de-la-sante-mentale-pendant-l-epidemie) showed an initial increase in depression and anxiety levels associated with sleep problems and alcohol and tobacco use, followed by a relative improvement of these indexes after the end of the lockdown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Hospitalization for self-harm during the early months of the Covid-19 pandemic in France: a nationwide study

Jollant

Roussot

Chauvet-Gélinier

et al. 2020

Preprint

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IntroductionLittle is known to date about the impact of Covid-19 pandemic on self-harm incidence.MethodsThe number of hospitalizations for self-harm in France (mainland and overseas) from January to August 2020 (which includes the first confinement from March 17th to May 11th) was compared to the same period in 2019-2017. Hospital data with the ICD-10 codes X60-84 were extracted from the national administrative database (PMSI).ResultsThere were 53,583 hospitalizations for self-harm in France between January and August 2020. Compared to the same period in 2019, this represents an overall 8.5% decrease. This decrease started the first week of the confinement and the number of hospitalizations remained at lower levels relative to 2019 until the end of August. The decrease was more marked in women (−9.8%) than men (−6.4%). However, an increase in hospitalizations was observed in individuals aged 75 and older (+5.3 to +11.6%). Moreover, the number of self-harm by firearm (+20.3%), jumping from height (+10.5%), and drowning (+4.7%) increased between 2019 and 2020, as well as the number of hospitalizations in intensive care (+3.5%) and deaths at discharge from hospital (+8.0%). No correlation was found between the evolution in the number of hospitalizations for self-harm and the number of severe cases of Covid-19 (hospitalization and mortality rates) across administrative departments.DiscussionDuring the early months of the Covid-19 pandemic in France - including the first confinement -, a general decrease in the number of hospitalizations for self-harm was observed. However, an increase was found among elderly, a population at higher Covid 19-related mortality risk, and in the number of more severe suicidal acts. These results, therefore, shed light on a complex relationship between the pandemic and self-harm occurrence. This situation may change with time, which requires active suicide prevention strategies.

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Trends in suicidal ideation over the first three months of COVID-19 lockdowns

Cited by 91 publications

References 5 publications

The COVID-19 Vaccine Is Here—Now Who Is Willing to Get It?

The COVID-19 Vaccine Is Here—Now Who Is Willing to Get It?

Suicide, self-harm and thoughts of suicide or self-harm in infectious disease epidemics: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Hospitalization for self-harm during the early months of the Covid-19 pandemic in France: a nationwide study

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