Trends in cigarette smoking among adults with HIV compared with the general adult population, United States - 2009–2014

Frazier, Emma L.; Sutton, Madeline Y.; Brooks, John T.; Shouse, R. Luke; Weiser, John

doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.03.007

Cited by 82 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In a cohort of HIV-infected subjects, living in the metropolitan area of Milan (Italy), from 1998 to 2011, a similar prevalence of tobacco smoking was reported (55%) [14]. A survey conducted in the USA reported a declining estimated prevalence of smoking in subjects with HIV infection, in the 2009-2014 period (from 38% to 34%); despite this decline, cigarette smoking was still higher in this group than in the general population [70].…”

Section: Behavioral Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…As reported in several areas and clinical settings, cigarette smoking was more prevalent in HIV-infected individuals than in the general population [15,69,70]. One study reported that around 60% of subjects living with HIV/AIDS in New York State were current smokers, three times more than the estimated prevalence in the general population [69].…”

Section: Behavioral Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The relationship between lung cancer and smoking is well known: the relevant impact of this risk factor may overcome other possible secondary causes, as almost 60% of subjects with HIV infection were smokers, according to some surveys conducted in high-resource countries [69][70].…”

Section: Lung Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Pattern of Non-AIDS-defining Cancers in the HIV Population: Epidemiology, Risk Factors and Prognosis. A Review

Franzetti

Ricci

Bonfanti

2019

CHR

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: The advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has significantly reduced the incidence of AIDS events, including AIDS-defining malignancies. Nevertheless, several cohort studies conducted in the post-HAART period have reported an increasing risk of non-AIDS-defining cancers (NADC). : Overall, the potential mechanisms leading to an increased risk of developing NADCs probably involve multiple known and unknown factors. In addition to ageing, chronic inflammation and ongoing immune system dysregulation, other contributing factors are co-infection with potentially oncogenic viruses (HBV, HCV, HPV, EBV) and high-risk behaviours such as tobacco smoking. : As a consequence of these risk factors, high standardized incidence ratios have been consistently reported, mainly in cohort studies regarding smoking-related cancers (lung cancer, but also pharyngeal and kidney cancer), due to the far more common cigarette smoking habit in the HIV-population. Also in the setting of infection-related malignancies, the high frequency of liver cancer, as a consequence of HBV and HCV co-infection is well known. Similarly, HPV infection accounts for the higher risk of anal cancer. On the same line, Hodgkin lymphoma is more frequent in the HIV population, due to the dysregulation and proliferation of EBV-infected lymphocytes. : Several studies addressed the direct relationship between immunosuppression and cancer progression, showing that subjects with HIV infection experience higher cancer-specific mortality, as compared to the general population, independently of cancer stage or cancer treatment. : In the HIV population, for many NADCs, the prognosis is still worse as compared to the general population. However, an improvement has been reported over the last decades, mainly thanks to more available and adequate treatment chances.

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Section: Behavioral Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Behavioral Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 93%

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The Pattern of Non-AIDS-defining Cancers in the HIV Population: Epidemiology, Risk Factors and Prognosis. A Review

Franzetti

Ricci

Bonfanti

2019

CHR

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“…The prevalence of smoking in HIV-infected patients in general is very high -between 42% and 46% in US and European studies, compared to 21% to 26% in the general population (24)(25)(26). Also, excessive alcohol consumption is common among HIVinfected people and increases the risk of pulmonary disease such as pneumonia.…”

Section: Risk Factors For Capmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community-acquired bacterial pneumonia in adult HIV-infected patients

Cillóniz¹,

García-Vidal

Moreno

et al. 2018

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy

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Despite active antiretroviral therapy (ART), community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients and incurs high health costs. Areas covered: This article reviews the most recent publications on bacterial CAP in the HIV-infected population, focusing on epidemiology, prognostic factors, microbial etiology, therapy, and prevention. The data discussed here were mainly obtained from a non-systematic review using Medline, and references from relevant articles. Expert commentary: HIV-infected patients are more susceptible to bacterial CAP. Although ART improves their immune response and has reduced CAP incidence, these patients continue to present increased risk of pneumonia in part because they show altered immunity and because immune activation persists. The risk of CAP in HIV-infected patients and the probability of polymicrobial or atypical infections are inversely associated with the CD4 cell count. Mortality in HIV-infected patients with CAP ranges from 6% to 15% but in well-controlled HIV-infected patients on ART the mortality is low and similar to that seen in HIV-negative individuals. Vaccination and smoking cessation are the two most important preventive strategies for bacterial CAP in well-controlled HIV-infected patients on ART.

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“…Research has shown that unhealthy lifestyles including smoking, lack of physical exercise and substance abuse put PLWHA at an increased rate of disease progression, opportunistic infections and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases [6][7][8][9]. In additional, risky sexual behaviors among HIV positive people put their partners at risk for HIV infection and other sexually transmitted infections [10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health related behaviors among HIV-infected people who are successfully linked to care: an institutional-based cross-sectional study

Wang

Cheng

2020

Infect Dis Poverty

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Background: By the end of October 2019, there were 958 thousand people were reported living with HIV/AIDS in China. Unhealthy lifestyle factors, such as smoking, drinking alcohol, using illicit drugs and no physical activity have been found to mitigate the positive impact of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on viral load and HIV-related quality of life. Moreover, risky sexual behavior among HIV-positive persons places their partners at risk for HIV transmission and other sexually transmitted infections. The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of unhealthy behavior of people living with HIV/AIDS and related influencing factors, particularly those that are closely connected with HIV infection and ART effects. Methods: An institutional based cross-sectional study design was used to collect data from people living with HIV/ AIDS (PLWHA) in Beijing and Yunnan Province. The following information was included in the questionnaire survey: social-demographic characteristics, health behavior information, sexual risk behaviors. Binary logistic regression model was conducted to analyze the influencing factors of unhealthy general health behaviors and risky sexual behaviors. Results: In total, 2575 PLWHA were included in the study and 78.3% (2017/2575) were male. For the general health behaviors, 34.2% (987/2544) smoke; 33.8% (870/2575) drank alcohol and 2.3% (49/2134) reported the use of illicit drugs in the previous 6 months. From the sexual behaviors perspective, 59.0% (1519/2575) had sex in the previous 6 months. Among people who had sex, 92.0% (1398/1519) had fixed sexual partners. Among those with no fixed sexual partner, 38.0% (46/121) had more than three partners. Among men who had sex, 34.7% (448/1292) reported having sex with men in the previous 6 months and 16.7% (75/448) of these had group sexual activity. Among participants, 72.2% (1053/1458) used condoms every time they had sex while 6.4% (94/1458) of people never used condom. Male people living with HIV/AIDS were more likely to have sexual risk behaviors (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.208, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.147-4.252) and unhealthy general health behaviors (adjusted OR = 2.029, 95% CI: 1.480-2.783). The odds of higher risk sexual behaviors was 1.546 times (95% CI: 1.302-1.827, P = 0.001) greater among participants who drank alcohol compared with their non-drinking counterparts.(Continued on next page)

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Trends in cigarette smoking among adults with HIV compared with the general adult population, United States - 2009–2014

Cited by 82 publications

References 15 publications

The Pattern of Non-AIDS-defining Cancers in the HIV Population: Epidemiology, Risk Factors and Prognosis. A Review

The Pattern of Non-AIDS-defining Cancers in the HIV Population: Epidemiology, Risk Factors and Prognosis. A Review

Community-acquired bacterial pneumonia in adult HIV-infected patients

Health related behaviors among HIV-infected people who are successfully linked to care: an institutional-based cross-sectional study

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