Trends in adult body-mass index in 200 countries from 1975 to 2014: a pooled analysis of 1698 population-based measurement studies with 19·2 million participants

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)30054-x

Cited by 3,839 publications

(1,448 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(50 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

1,383

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The most recent national statistics on the prevalence of overweight and obesity in South Africa have reported that 64% of adult women and 30.7% of adult men are overweight or obese, with the numbers differing quite significantly between the ethnic groups [6,7]. Obesity trends in Africa between 1980 and 2014 have shown an increase in age-standardised mean body mass index (BMI) from 21 kg/m 2 to 23 kg/m 2 in men, and from 21.9 kg/m 2 to 24.9 kg/m 2 in women [6,8]. These data collated by the NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (Africa Working Group) report a mean BMI higher than the global average in northern and southern Africa and lower in central, eastern and western Africa, with the mean BMI across the five regions generally being higher in women than men.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sex difference in obesity prevalence in Africa [6,7] is not observed in high-income countries where obesity is more similar between the sexes [6,8]. Differences in socio-demographic factors and lifestyle behaviours between black South African men and women have been explored in several population-based studies [9,10]; however, whether these factors are interrelated or independent of each other and other potential confounders, and how they are associated with BMI, requires further study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Demographic, socio-economic and behavioural correlates of BMI in middle-aged black men and women from urban Johannesburg, South Africa

Micklesfield

Kagura

Munthali

et al. 2018

Global Health Action

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: There is a high and increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity in South Africans of all ages. Risk factors associated with overweight and obesity must be identified to provide targets for intervention. Objective: To identify the demographic, socio-economic and behavioural factors associated with body mass index (BMI) in middle-aged black South African men and women. Methods: Data on demographic and socio-economic factors were collected via questionnaire on 1027 men and 1008 women from Soweto Johannesburg, South Africa. Weight and height were measured and BMI was determined. Behavioural factors included tobacco use and consumption of alcohol, and physical activity data were collected using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Menopausal status was determined for the women, and HIV status was available for 93.6% of the men and 39.9% of the women. Results: Significantly more women were overweight or obese than men (87.9 vs. 44.9%). Smoking prevalence (current or former) and minutes spent in moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity was significantly different between the sexes (both p < 0.0001). In the final hierarchical model, marital status (+ married/cohabiting), household asset score (+), current smoking (-), moderate to vigorous physical activity (-) and HIV status (- HIV infected) significantly contributed to 26% of the variance in BMI in the men. In the women, home language (Tswana-speaking compared to Zulu-speaking), marital status (+ unmarried/cohabiting), education (-), current smoking (-) and HIV status (- HIV infected) significantly contributed to 14% of the variance in BMI. Conclusions: The sex difference in BMI and the prevalence of overweight and obesity between black South African men and women from Soweto, as well as the sex-specific associations with various demographic, socio-economic and behavioural factors, highlight the need for more tailored interventions to slow down the obesity epidemic.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demographic, socio-economic and behavioural correlates of BMI in middle-aged black men and women from urban Johannesburg, South Africa

Micklesfield

Kagura

Munthali

et al. 2018

Global Health Action

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The global prevalence of obesity is a major threat to public health because of its steep increase in recent years (1,2). This trend is of international concern, with over 13% of men and 21% of women in the world classified as obese according to their body mass index (BMI) (1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This trend is of international concern, with over 13% of men and 21% of women in the world classified as obese according to their body mass index (BMI) (1). Although the financial burden of high BMI raises concerns about the effectiveness of intervention strategies (3–5), increasingly more attention is placed on the role of obesity in the development of other chronic diseases (1). The relationship between obesity, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and type 2 diabetes mellitus is well documented, with high BMI associated with the development of atherosclerosis, hypertension, and insulin resistance (6–9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Using Geographical Convergence of Obesity, Cardiovascular Disease, and Type 2 Diabetes at the Neighborhood Level to Inform Policy and Practice

Smurthwaite

Bagheri

2017

Prev. Chronic Dis.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IntroductionChronic diseases are increasing across the world. Examination of local geographic variation in chronic disease patterns can enable policy makers to identify inequalities in health outcomes and tailor effective interventions to communities at higher risk. Our study aimed to determine the geographic variation of obesity, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and type 2 diabetes, using general practice clinical data. Further objectives included identifying regions of significantly high and low clusters of these conditions and assessing their association with sociodemographic characteristics.MethodsA cross-sectional approach was used to determine the prevalence of obesity, CVD, and type 2 diabetes in western Adelaide, Australia. The Getis-Ord Gi* method was used to identify significant hot spots of the conditions. Additionally, we used the Pearson correlation test to determine the association between disease clusters and risk factors, including socioeconomic status (SES), smoking history, and alcohol consumption.ResultsThe spatial distribution of obesity, CVD, and type 2 diabetes varied across communities. Hot spots of these conditions converged in 3 locations across western Adelaide. An inverse relationship was observed between area-level prevalence of CVD, obesity, and type 2 diabetes with SES.ConclusionIdentification of significant disease clusters can help policy makers to target prevention strategies at the right people, in the right location. The approach taken in our study can be applied to identify clusters of other chronic diseases across the world, wherever researchers have access to clinical data.

show abstract

Association Between Maternal Body Mass Index in Early Pregnancy and Incidence of Cerebral Palsy

Villamor

Tedroff

Peterson

et al. 2017

JAMA

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IMPORTANCE Maternal overweight and obesity are associated with increased risks of preterm delivery, asphyxia-related neonatal complications, and congenital malformations, which in turn are associated with increased risks of cerebral palsy. It is uncertain whether risk of cerebral palsy in offspring increases with maternal overweight and obesity severity and what could be possible mechanisms. OBJECTIVE To study the associations between early pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and rates of cerebral palsy by gestational age and to identify potential mediators of these associations. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Population-based retrospective cohort study of women with singleton children born in Sweden from 1997 through 2011. Using national registries, children were followed for a cerebral palsy diagnosis through 2012. EXPOSURES Early pregnancy BMI. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Incidence rates of cerebral palsy and hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs, adjusted for maternal age, country of origin, education level, cohabitation with a partner, height, smoking during pregnancy, and year of delivery. RESULTS Of 1 423 929 children included (mean gestational age, 39.8 weeks [SD, 1.8]; 51.4% male), 3029 were diagnosed with cerebral palsy over a median 7.8 years of follow-up (risk, 2.13 per 1000 live births; rate, 2.63/10 000 child-years). The percentages of mothers in BMI categories were 2.4% at BMI less than 18.5 (underweight), 61.8% at BMI of 18.5 to 24.9 (normal weight), 24.8% at BMI of 25 to 29.9 (overweight), 7.8% at BMI of 30 to 34.9 (obesity grade 1), 2.4% at BMI of 35 to 39.9 (obesity grade 2), and 0.8% at BMI 40 or greater (obesity grade 3). The number of cerebral palsy cases in each BMI category was 64, 1487, 728, 239, 88, and 38; and the rates per 10 000 child-years were 2.58, 2.35, 2.92, 3.15, 4.00, and 5.19, respectively. Compared with children of normal-weight mothers, adjusted HR of cerebral palsy were 1.22 (95% CI, 1.11-1.33) for overweight, 1.28 (95% CI, 1.11-1.47) for obesity grade 1, 1.54 (95% CI, 1.24, 1.93) for obesity grade 2, and 2.02 (95% CI, 1.46-2.79) for obesity grade 3. Results were statistically significant for children born at full term, who comprised 71% of all children with cerebral palsy, but not for preterm infants. An estimated 45% of the association between maternal BMI and rates of cerebral palsy in full-term children was mediated through asphyxia-related neonatal morbidity. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among Swedish women with singleton children, maternal overweight and obesity were significantly associated with the rate of cerebral palsy. The association was limited to children born at full term and was partly mediated through asphyxia-related neonatal complications.

show abstract

Trends in adult body-mass index in 200 countries from 1975 to 2014: a pooled analysis of 1698 population-based measurement studies with 19·2 million participants

Abstract: Wellcome Trust, Grand Challenges Canada.

Cited by 3,839 publications

References 43 publications

Demographic, socio-economic and behavioural correlates of BMI in middle-aged black men and women from urban Johannesburg, South Africa

Demographic, socio-economic and behavioural correlates of BMI in middle-aged black men and women from urban Johannesburg, South Africa

Using Geographical Convergence of Obesity, Cardiovascular Disease, and Type 2 Diabetes at the Neighborhood Level to Inform Policy and Practice

Association Between Maternal Body Mass Index in Early Pregnancy and Incidence of Cerebral Palsy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About