Tree hazards compounded by successive climate extremes after masting in a small endemic tree,Distylium lepidotum, on subtropical islands in Japan

Abstract

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Mechanisms of woody-plant mortality under rising drought, CO2 and vapour pressure deficit

“…Heat waves are of particular concern because they dramatically increase VPD and leaf temperature when water availability is limited, with foliage typically dying at temperatures above 54°C 217 . Beyond acclimation, the extension of the phenological cycle through elevated temperature in temperate and boreal regions could, however, mitigate some of the above-mentioned challenges to the potential of acclimation to mitigate mortality likelihood [218][219][220] , with complicated impacts on mortality-reproduction relationships in masting species 221 . A longer growing season can also promote greater water loss, so the net impacts remain unknown.…”

Environmental and genetic effects on phenotypic differences between Elaeocarpus photiniifolia (Elaeocarpaceae) ecotypes in dry and mesic habitats on a Japanese oceanic island

“…The seasonal drought occurs regularly across years (Yoshida et al, 2002) and is sometimes extremely severe (Matsuyama, 2018). Such severe drought can cause stress and mortality of woody plants in the Bonin Islands (Nakamura et al, 2021; Saiki et al, 2017). These findings suggest that soil edaphic conditions differed between the dry and mesic habitats, resulting in a divergent selection of E. photiniifolia traits.…”

Interspecific variation in Rubisco CO2/O2 specificity along the leaf economic spectrum across 23 woody angiosperm plants in the Pacific islands

“…This study was conducted on Chichi-jima Island, one of the territorial islands of Ogasawara (27°04 0 N, 142°13 0 E). The island covers an area of 24 km 2 and has a maximum elevation of 317.9 m. The mean annual temperature from 2010 to 2019 was 23.5°C, and the mean annual precipitation was 1283 mm (Nakamura et al, 2021). The study was carried out during the relatively humid summer of 2019.…”

“…Here, we demonstrate that S C/O has considerable interspecific variation among C 3 plant species associated with the LES axis using 23 C 3 angiosperm tree species and 18 families that coexist on an oceanic island in Japan. Approximately 70% of tree species are endemic in the islands, but the growing trees are frequently received tree drought‐induced mortality even in endemic species (Kono et al ., 2019; Nakamura et al ., 2021). The forests have a high species diversity with contrasting water‐use strategies along LES, resulting from natural selection due to drought (Mishio, 1992; Ishida et al ., 2008), and the conservation of the natural forests is an important issue.…”