Tree Domestication in Agroforestry: Progress in the Second Decade (2003–2012)

Leakey, Roger R.B.; Weber, John C.; Page, Tony; Cornelius, J.P.; Akinnifesi, Festus K.; Roshetko, James M.; Tchoundjeu, Z.; Jamnadass, Ramni

doi:10.1007/978-94-007-4676-3_11

Cited by 71 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Agroforestry is practiced widely (Leakey et al 2012). Depending on the precise definition, the global areal extent of agroforestry is estimated to range between 307 and 1215 million ha, and significantly located in the tropics (Zomer et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Depending on the precise definition, the global areal extent of agroforestry is estimated to range between 307 and 1215 million ha, and significantly located in the tropics (Zomer et al 2014). Recently, however, there has been an increase in the amount of both tree domestication (Weber et al 2001;Leakey et al 2012) and nontimber forest products (NTFPs) collected as well as agroforestry tree products (AFTPs) grown for commercial purposes where they are often exported to consumer markets in North America and Europe (Leakey et al 2005;Morsello et al 2012). One recently commercialized AFTP is Ilex guayusa [hereafter referred to as guayusa], a tree leave that is traditionally consumed in the form of tea by indigenous groups in the Amazon region of Ecuador (Dueñas et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energizing agroforestry: Ilex guayusa as an additional commodity to diversify Amazonian agroforestry systems

Krause

Ness

2017

International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Servic

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Guayusa (Ilex guayusa) is a native tree of the western Amazon region grown by indigenous farmers in traditional agroforestry systems. Its leaves are used as a drink similar to tea, which is now commercialized and marketed outside of the Amazon. To assess the impacts from the early stages of commercial guayusa production, we conducted interviews in four commercial guayusa-producing communities with indigenous guayusa farmers in the Ecuadorian Amazon. We focus on their experiences and critically discuss and speculate about the socio-ecological implications of the expanding commercialization of guayusa, particularly in relation to propositions of this special issue. Results reveal that revenues from guayusa have not overtaken those from other cash crops. Commercializing guayusa can have benefits for farmers and the environment, provided that rigorous criteria that measure social and environmental impacts are adhered to. Furthermore, guaysa production is characterized by vertical integration where many individual farmers supply one processing and wholesale company in a short value chain fostering a locally tailored certification approach that is able to exert the continuation of the traditional agroforestry practices. Yet, sustainability initiatives, standards and certification only provide partial solutions for protecting ecosystem services in the Ecuadorian Amazon.ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energizing agroforestry: Ilex guayusa as an additional commodity to diversify Amazonian agroforestry systems

Krause

Ness

2017

International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Servic

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“…One definition of agroforestry is 'a dynamic, ecologically-based, natural resources management system that, through the integration of trees on farms and in the agricultural landscape, diversifies and sustains production for increased social, economic and environmental benefits for land users at all levels ' (Mead 2004). In response to both environmental concerns and the need to ensure the sustenance of livelihoods, there are many examples where agroforestry is advocated as a potential solution to the need to develop a more sustainable form of land use that improves farm productivity while, at same time, improving the welfare of the community (Roshetko et al 2013;Leakey et al 2012;Ahmed and Rahman 2000). Agroforestry can be more financially profitable to local farmers than traditional monoculture systems, and support the transition to permanent cultivation (Rahman et al 2014;Franzel and Scherr 2002;Predo 2002;Mai 1999).…”

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confidence: 99%

Finding alternatives to swidden agriculture: does agroforestry improve livelihood options and reduce pressure on existing forest?

et al. 2016

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Swidden cultivation can contribute to deforestation and land degradation, which can subsequently result in a number of serious environmental problems. This paper examines the economic and social potential of agroforestry systems and the barriers to their widespread adoption, as a land use alternative to swidden cultivation, which may potentially help protect local forest. The Gunung Salak valley in West Java, Indonesia is presented as a case study. Based on farmers' and experts' assessment, costs and benefits have been estimated, which show that the two investigated agroforestry systems have higher net present value and benefit-cost ratio (B/C) than the two swidden cultivation systems. Tree ownership also creates more permanent rights to farmland and is prestigious in the community. Agroforestry products (fruit, vegetables etc.) have high monetary value and help strengthen social cohesion when shared with neighbors. However, farmers are reluctant to implement agroforestry. Stated reasons are related to both culture and capacity. Farmers practicing agroforestry are less involved in forest clearing and forest products collection than swidden farmers indicating that it may contribute positively to conservation of local forests. Increasing the adoption of agroforestry farming in the study area will require support to overcome capacity constraints.

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“…Tree domestication has evolved over the last two decades to become an important global program, and molecular techniques have been used to analyze genetic diversity in several agroforestry tree species (Leakey et al 2012). A number of authors have examined both natural stands of tropical trees and cultivated samples (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity in Guazuma crinita from eleven provenances in the Peruvian Amazon revealed by ISSR markers

et al. 2016

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SUMMARYGuazuma crinita is an important fast-growing timber tree species widely used in agroforestry systems in the Peruvian Amazon. The objectives of our research were (i) to assess genetic diversity of G. crinita using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers and (ii) estimate correlation between genetic and geographic distances among provenances. The sample included 44 genotypes from 11 provenances in the Aguaytia and neighboring Pachitea watersheds in the Peruvian Amazon. Ten ISSR primers amplified a total of 65 bands of which 61 were polymorphic (93.8 %). The range of DNA amplification varied from 260 to 2,200 bp. Among the provenances, Macuya exhibited the highest percentage of polymorphic bands (PPB) with 67.7 %, 0.21 Nei's gene diversity (He) and 0.33 Shannon index (I). Overall genetic differentiation (G st ) was 0.03, indicating 97 % of genetic diversity within provenances. Gene flow (Nm) was 12.9 alleles per generation. Cluster analysis was not related to geographic origin, suggesting a common gene pool. However a weak positive correlation (r = 0.27, P < 0.05) was found between genetic and geographic distance. This is the first study of genetic diversity and structure of G. crinita. We recommend in situ conservation strategies for populations with high levels of genetic diversity.Key words: inter-simple sequence repeat markers, genetic diversity, genetic distance, gene flow, geographic distance. RESUMENGuazuma crinita es una importante especie maderable de rápido crecimiento ampliamente usada en sistemas agroforestales en la Amazonía Peruana. Los objetivos de nuestra investigación fueron; (i) evaluar la diversidad genética de G. crinita revelada por marcadores de intersecuencias simples repetidas (ISSR) además de (ii) estimar la correlación entre las distancias genéticas y geográficas entre procedencias. La muestra incluyó 44 genotipos de 11 procedencias en las cuencas de Aguaytía y Pachitea en la Amazonía Peruana. Diez cebadores ISSR amplificaron un total de 65 bandas de las cuales 61 fueron polimórficas (93,8 %). El rango de amplificaciones de ADN varió desde 260 hasta 2.200 bp. Entre las procedencias, Macuya exhibió el mayor porcentaje de bandas polimórficas (PPB) con 67,7 %, 0,21 diversidad genética de Nei (He) y 0,33 de índice de Shannon (I). La diferenciación genética general (G st ) fue 0,03, indicando 97 % de la variación genética dentro de las procedencias. El flujo genético (Nm) fue 12,9 alelos por generación. El análisis de agrupamiento no estuvo relacionado con el origen geográfico sugiriendo una fuente genética en común. Sin embargo, se encontró una correlación positiva débil (r = 0,27, P < 0,05) entre las distancias genéticas y geográficas. Este es el primer estudio sobre la diversidad y estructura genética de G. crinita. Se recomiendan estrategias de conservación in situ para las poblaciones con altos niveles de diversidad genética.Palabras clave: marcadores Inter-simple sequence repeat, diversidad genética, distancia genética, flujo genético, distancia geográfica.

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Tree Domestication in Agroforestry: Progress in the Second Decade (2003–2012)

Cited by 71 publications

References 78 publications

Energizing agroforestry: Ilex guayusa as an additional commodity to diversify Amazonian agroforestry systems

Energizing agroforestry: Ilex guayusa as an additional commodity to diversify Amazonian agroforestry systems

Finding alternatives to swidden agriculture: does agroforestry improve livelihood options and reduce pressure on existing forest?

Genetic diversity in Guazuma crinita from eleven provenances in the Peruvian Amazon revealed by ISSR markers

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