Treatment of hepatitis C in children and adolescents: how far have we reached?

Venkatesh, Vybhav; Seetharaman, Keerthivasan; Anushree, Neha

doi:10.1007/s12519-022-00612-7

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 61 publications

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“…It has been estimated worldwide that 3.5 million children and adolescents are chronically infected with HCV [126,127]. Treatment of the paediatric population based on adult pharmacokinetics has been rationalised by adjusting the adult successful treatment schemes [126][127][128][129]. It is important to note that parental HBV and HCV infection may be risk factors for hepatic and non-hepatic cancers in children [130]; therefore, ensuring that infected children are treated as soon as possible is critical.…”

Section: Treatment Of Pregnant Women Vertical Transmission and Paedia...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Synopsis of Hepatitis C Virus Treatments and Future Perspectives

Medina,

García,

Crespo

et al. 2023

CIMB

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a worldwide public health problem. Chronic infection with HCV can lead to liver cirrhosis or cancer. Although some immune-competent individuals can clear the virus, others develop chronic HCV disease due to viral mutations or an impaired immune response. IFNs type I and III and the signal transduction induced by them are essential for a proper antiviral effect. Research on the viral cycle and immune escape mechanisms has formed the basis of therapeutic strategies to achieve a sustained virological response (SVR). The first therapies were based on IFNα; then, IFNα plus ribavirin (IFN–RBV); and then, pegylated-IFNα-RBV (PEGIFNα-RIV) to improve cytokine pharmacokinetics. However, the maximum SVR was 60%, and several significant side effects were observed, decreasing patients’ treatment adherence. The development of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) significantly enhanced the SVR (>90%), and the compounds were able to inhibit HCV replication without significant side effects, even in paediatric populations. The management of coinfected HBV–HCV and HCV–HIV patients has also improved based on DAA and PEG-IFNα-RBV (HBV–HCV). CD4 cells are crucial for an effective antiviral response. The IFNλ3, IL28B, TNF-α, IL-10, TLR-3, and TLR-9 gene polymorphisms are involved in viral clearance, therapeutic responses, and hepatic pathologies. Future research should focus on searching for strategies to circumvent resistance-associated substitution (RAS) to DAAs, develop new therapeutic schemes for different medical conditions, including organ transplant, and develop vaccines for long-lasting cellular and humoral responses with cross-protection against different HCV genotypes. The goal is to minimise the probability of HCV infection, HCV chronicity and hepatic carcinoma.

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Section: Treatment Of Pregnant Women Vertical Transmission and Paedia...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Synopsis of Hepatitis C Virus Treatments and Future Perspectives

Medina,

García,

Crespo

et al. 2023

CIMB

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Global burden and trends of acute viral hepatitis among children and adolescents from 1990 to 2019: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Xiao,

Zhao,

Chen

et al. 2024

Hepatol Int

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A Synopsis of Hepatitis C Virus Treatments and Future Perspectives

Medina,

Garcia,

Crespo

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a worldwide public health problem. Chronic infection by HCV can lead to liver cirrhosis or cancer. Although some immune-competent individuals can clear the virus, others develop chronic HCV disease due to viral mutations or an impaired immune response. IFNs type I and III and the signal transduction induced by them are essential for a proper antiviral effect. Research on the viral cycle and immune escape mechanisms have generated the basis of therapeutic strategies to achieve a sustained virological response (SVR). The first therapies were based on IFN-, then IFN-α plus ribavirin (IFN-RBV); then, pegylated-IFN--RBV (PEGIFNα-RIV) to improve cytokine pharmacokinetics. However, the maximum SVR was 60%, and several significant side effects were observed, decreasing the patients' treatment adherence. The development of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) significantly enhanced SVR (&gt; 90%); the compounds were able to inhibit HCV replication without significant side effects, even in pediatric populations. The management of coinfected patients HBV-HCV and HCV-HIV has also improved based on DAA and PEG-IFNα-RBV (HBV-HCV). CD4 cells are crucial for an effective antiviral response. IFNλ3, IL28B, TNF-α, IL-10, TLR-3, and TLR-9 gene polymorphisms are involved in viral clearance, therapeutic responses, and hepatic pathologies. Future research focuses on searching for strategies to circumvent resistance-associated substitution (RAS) to DAAs, develop new therapeutic schemes for different medical conditions, including organ transplant, and develop vaccines for long-lasting cellular and humoral responses with cross-protection to different HCV genotypes. The goal is to minimise the probability of HCV infection, HCV chronicity and hepatic carcinoma.

show abstract

Treatment of hepatitis C in children and adolescents: how far have we reached?

Cited by 3 publications

References 61 publications

A Synopsis of Hepatitis C Virus Treatments and Future Perspectives

A Synopsis of Hepatitis C Virus Treatments and Future Perspectives

Global burden and trends of acute viral hepatitis among children and adolescents from 1990 to 2019: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

A Synopsis of Hepatitis C Virus Treatments and Future Perspectives

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