Treatment of experimental periodontal disease by laser therapy in simvastatin-modified rats

Abstract

Low intensity laser can be used as a promising alternative in the treatment of periodontal disease. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate low-level laser therapy (LLLT) as an adjuvant treatment for scaling and root planing (SRP) for the treatment of induced periodontitis in simvastatin-modified rats.Material and Methods A total of 180 rats were evenly divided into two groups: Veh – receiving oral administration of polyethylene glycol (vehicle); S – receiving oral administration of Simvastatin. Periodontal disease was induced in both groups at the first mandibular molar. After seven days, the ligature was removed and the animals were divided into subgroups according to the following local treatments: NT – no treatment; SRP – scaling and root planing and irrigation with saline solution; and LLLT ¬– SRP and laser irradiation (660 nm; 0.03 W; 4 J). Ten animals in each subgroup/local treatment were euthanized at 7, 15 and 30 days. Samples of gingival tissue were processed to analyze the tissue oxidative damage and radiographic analysis. Levels of oxidative stress were analyzed by the expressions of Tripeptideglutathione (TG), Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Carbonylated Proteins (CP).Results The animals in S group had higher levels of TG and lower levels of MDA and CP compared with Veh group (p<0.05). Radiographically, in the intragroup analysis Veh and S, LLLT showed lower bone loss (BL) compared with NT and SRP, in all experimental periods (p<0.01). In addition, a lower BL was observed for the animals of Veh group treated with LLLT compared with treatment SRP in the S group, in all experimental periods.Conclusion Within the limits of this study, we can conclude that LLLT was effective as adjuvant treatment for SRP protecting against the occurrence of oxidative tissue damages as well as for reducing alveolar bone loss in experimentally induced periodontitis simvastatin-modified rats.

Effectiveness of Photobiomodulation as an Adjunct to Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy in the Management of Periodontitis‐ A Systematic Review of in vivo Human Studies

“…These articles were evaluated based on the eligibility criteria of the review. Additional studies were excluded due to the following reasons: an inappropriate study design or article type in 9 studies (15,16,21–27), LLLT utilized, as an adjunct to a surgical intervention or in the supportive periodontal therapy phase in 3 studies (28–30), in vitro or in vivo animal studies utilized in 3 papers (31–33), participants with systemic diseases recruited in 3 studies (34–39), no utilization of PBM in 11 studies (40–50), and LLLT utilized either; as a mono‐therapeutic agent or in combination with aPDT in 3 studies (51–53) (inter‐reviewer agreement, κ = 1). Hence, out of 52 full text articles, 35 articles were excluded, due to the abovementioned reasons, while the remaining 17 articles were included and analyzed in the present systematic review.…”

Patient-reported outcomes of laser-assisted pain control following non-surgical and surgical periodontal therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Swerts et al . showed that PBMT combined with SRP suppressed oxidative stress in experimentally-induced periodontitis of simvastatin-modified rats [ 52 ]. Using lasers as HLLT, the minute laser light scattered in the surrounding tissue is assumed to have a beneficial effect as the PBMT.…”

“…stress associated with tissue damage since oxidative stress is known to be involved in the wound healing process of the periodontal tissue [51]. Swerts et al showed that PBMT combined with SRP suppressed oxidative stress in experimentally-induced periodontitis of simvastatin-modified rats [52]. Using lasers as HLLT, the minute laser light scattered in the surrounding tissue is assumed to have a beneficial effect as the PBMT.…”

Influence of Doxycycline and InGaAlP Diode Laser at 660 nm Wavelength in the Treatment of Periodontitis Induced in Rats: In Vivo Study

“…PD was experimentally induced by previously performing anesthesia of the animals through an intramuscular injection of 75 mg/kg of Ketamine Hydrochloride (Rhobifarma Pharmaceutical Industry Ltd.; Hortolândia; SP; Brazil) plus 6 mg/kg of Xylazine Hydrochloride (Rhobifarma Pharmaceutical Industry Ltd.; Hortolândia; SP; Brazil). With the aid of a modified forceps, a cotton thread number 10 (Coats Corrente; São Paulo; SP, Brazil) was adapted around the lower-left first molars and held in place by surgical knots (15).…”

“…After seven days of induction and progress of PD, the ligature was removed from the animals, and they were divided into five groups according to the local treatments: 1-NT group-the animals receive no treatment; 2-SRP group-the animals were submitted only to SRP; 3-DOX group-the animals were submitted to SRP and Doxycycline (DOX) application, 4-LIL groupthe animals were submitted to SRP and irradiation with Low-Intensity Laser (LIL) (InGaAlP diode laser) and 5-DOX + LIL group-the animals were submitted to SRP, irrigation with DOX and irradiation with LIL. It was decided to classify the groups according to the local treatments performed, thus facilitating this association (15).…”