Treatment of Arsenic, Heavy Metals, and Acidity Using a Mixed ZVI-Compost PRB

Ludwig, Ralph D.; Smyth, David J.; Blowes, David W.; Spink, Laura E.; Wilkin, Richard T.; Jewett, David G.; Weisener, Christopher G.

doi:10.1021/es802394p

Cited by 87 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…The stream originates near the Continental Divide in Clear Creek County and flows for approximately 1.4 km into North Empire Creek. The region is underlain by Precambrian rocks that include the Idaho Springs Formation and Boulder Creek and Silver Plume granites (Lovering and Goddard 1950). Ore was discovered in the Empire Mining District in 1862 and mining continued until the mid-1940s.…”

Section: Methodology Field Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synoptic Sampling and Principal Components Analysis to Identify Sources of Water and Metals to an Acid Mine Drainage Stream

Byrne

Runkel

Walton-Day

2016

Geological Society of America Abstracts With Programs

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Combining the synoptic mass balance approach with principal components analysis (PCA) can be an effective method for discretising the chemistry of inflows and source areas in watersheds where contamination is diffuse in nature and/or complicated by groundwater interactions. This paper presents a field-scale study in which synoptic sampling and PCA are employed in a mineralized watershed (Lion Creek, Colorado, USA) under low flow conditions to (i) quantify the impacts of mining activity on stream water quality; (ii) quantify the spatial pattern of constituent loading; and (iii) identify inflow sources most responsible for observed changes in stream chemistry and constituent loading. Several of the constituents investigated (Al, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn) fail to meet chronic aquatic life standards along most of the study reach. The spatial pattern of constituent loading suggests four primary sources of contamination under low flow conditions. Three of these sources are associated with acidic (pH <3.1) seeps that enter along the left bank of Lion Creek. Investigation of inflow water (trace metal and major ion) chemistry using PCA suggests a hydraulic connection between many of the left bank inflows and mine water in the Minnesota Mine shaft located to the north-east of the river channel. In addition, water chemistry data during a rainfall-runoff event suggests the spatial pattern of constituent loading may be modified during rainfall due to dissolution of efflorescent salts or erosion of streamside tailings. These data point to the complexity of contaminant mobilisation processes and constituent loading in mining-affected watersheds but the combined synoptic sampling and PCA approach enables a conceptual model of contaminant dynamics to be developed to inform remediation.

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Section: Methodology Field Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synoptic Sampling and Principal Components Analysis to Identify Sources of Water and Metals to an Acid Mine Drainage Stream

Byrne

Runkel

Walton-Day

2016

Geological Society of America Abstracts With Programs

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“…the creation of permeable reactive barriers (PRB) containing n-ZVM (e.g., a physical static barrier within the aquifer containing n-ZVM) [5,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]] and 2. the injection of n-ZVM into an aquifer with injected or infiltrating water [6,7,16,17].…”

Section: Zvm Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sustainable Zero-Valent Metal (ZVM) water treatment associated with infiltration, abstraction, and recirculation removes metals (including As), nitrates, chloro-organics, sulphates, phosphates, organic chemicals) from water in the aquifer/GWM (or during abstraction/infiltration). ZVM treatment is experimental [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17], but offers the potential to treat storm runoff, abstracted water and water within an aquifer. The experimental focus has been to identify if n-ZVM treatment actually reduces pollutants Where the ZVM treatment is effective the experimental studies have sought to identify the kinetic parameters associated with pollutant removal [5], i.e., the relationship between temperature and the rate of pollutant removal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Zero-Valent Metal (ZVM) Water Treatment Associated with Diffusion, Infiltration, Abstraction, and Recirculation

Antia¹

2010

Sustainability

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Socio-economic, climate and agricultural stress on water resources have resulted in increased global demand for water while at the same time the proportion of potential water resources which are adversely affected by sodification/salinisation, metals, nitrates, and organic chemicals has increased. Nano-zero-valent metal (n-ZVM) injection or placement in aquifers offers a potential partial solution. However, n-ZVM application results in a substantial reduction in aquifer permeability, which in turn can reduce the amount of water that can be abstracted from the aquifer. This study using static diffusion and continuous flow reactors containing n-ZVM and m-ZVM (ZVM filaments, filings and punchings) has established that the use of m-ZVM does not result in a reduction in aquifer permeability. The experimental results are used to design and model m-ZVM treatment programs for an aquifer (using recirculation or static diffusion). They also provide a predictive model for water quality associated with specific abstraction rates and infiltration/injection into an aquifer. The study demonstrates that m-ZVM treatment requires 1% of the weight required for n-ZVM treatment for a specific flow rate. It is observed that 1 t Fe 0 will process 23,500 m 3 of abstracted or infiltrating water. m-ZVM is able to remove >80% of nitrates from flowing water and adjust the water composition (by reduction) in an aquifer to optimize removal of nitrates, metals and organic compounds. The experiments demonstrate that ZVM treatment of an aquifer can be used to reduce groundwater salinity by 20 -> 45% and that an aquifer remediation program can be designed to desalinate an aquifer. Modeling indicates that widespread application of m-ZVM water treatment may reduce global socio-economic, climate and agricultural stress on water resources. The rate of oxygen formation during water reduction OPEN ACCESSSustainability 2010, 2 2989[by ZVM (Fe 0 , Al 0 and Cu 0 )] controls aquifer permeability, the associated aquifer pH, aquifer Eh and the degree of water treatment that occurs.

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“…PRBs have been proven to be effective not only for inorganic contaminants including arsenic [15][16][17][18], but also for many organic contaminants [19,20]. Particularly, granular iron (commonly referred as zero-valent iron (ZVI)) has been the most commonly used reactive material in PRBs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive Transport Modeling for Mobilization of Arsenic in a Sediment Downgradient from an Iron Permeable Reactive Barrier

Jeen

2017

Water

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Arsenic (As) can be naturally present in the native aquifer materials and can be released to groundwater through reduction dissolution of iron oxides containing As. While granular iron permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) can be effective for the treatment of arsenic in groundwater, the mobilization of arsenic in the sediment downgradient of the PRB might be an issue due to the reduced geochemical conditions generated by reactions in the PRB. The release of arsenic in the sediment downgradient from a proposed iron PRB was studied through laboratory column experiments and reactive transport modeling. The laboratory column experiments showed a significant removal of arsenic from the groundwater by granular iron (from the influent concentration of about 0.7 mg L −1 to less than 0.006 mg L −1 at the effluent); however, arsenic can be flushed out from the aquifer sediments (up to 0.09 mg L −1 ). The reactive transport modeling based on the geochemical reactions as suggested from the experiments, i.e., reductive dissolution of As-bearing goethite, was successful to reproduce the observed geochemical trends in the column experiments. This study can provide implications regarding the installation of iron PRBs to treat arsenic in groundwater and also be useful to understand geochemical behavior of arsenic under reduced conditions.

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Treatment of Arsenic, Heavy Metals, and Acidity Using a Mixed ZVI-Compost PRB

Cited by 87 publications

References 23 publications

Synoptic Sampling and Principal Components Analysis to Identify Sources of Water and Metals to an Acid Mine Drainage Stream

Synoptic Sampling and Principal Components Analysis to Identify Sources of Water and Metals to an Acid Mine Drainage Stream

Sustainable Zero-Valent Metal (ZVM) Water Treatment Associated with Diffusion, Infiltration, Abstraction, and Recirculation

Reactive Transport Modeling for Mobilization of Arsenic in a Sediment Downgradient from an Iron Permeable Reactive Barrier

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