Treatment and camouflaging of pigmentary disorders

Benmamán, Oliva; Sánchez, Jorge

doi:10.1016/0738-081x(88)90032-6

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…face), and to indi viduals of dark complexion due to the intense contrast in pigmentation between the affected and normal areas. Vitiligo can be induced by toxic chemicals and other factors, presumed to be immunological in nature [3,4], Consis tent with this notion are the presence of anti bodies in the sera of vitiligo patients that rec ognize melanocyte-specific antigens [4]. Vitil igo is usually irreversible, suggesting that me lanocytes within the affected areas of skin have been either ablated or rendered incapa ble of melanin biosynthesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A variety of pigmentary disorders are com mon in humans, including vitiligo and melas ma [3]. Vitiligo is especially troublesome psy chologically to the affected persons on public ly exposed areas of skin (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Melanin is synthesized enzymatically from tyrosine within melanosomes, which are subsequently transferred to epidermal kérati nocytes that differentiate into the stratified epithelia of the skin or hair [1,2]. Tyrosinase (EC 1.14.18.1), a tyrosine hydroxylase within vitiligo [3]. The unique biochemical pathways in melanocytes responsible for melanogenesis provide us with a rational mechanism-based means for developing both pharmacological regulators of pigmentation and cytotoxic che motherapeutic drugs for melanoma.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vitil igo is usually irreversible, suggesting that me lanocytes within the affected areas of skin have been either ablated or rendered incapa ble of melanin biosynthesis. For the treatment of vitiligo a depigmentation agent can be ap plied topically to the unaffected skin sur rounding vitiligo to reduce the stark contrast in differential pigmentation, and thus yield an improved cosmetic effect [3], Conversely, melasma is a disorder in which affected individuals exhibit increased pigmentation restricted to limited areas of the skin unrelated to natural sun tanning [3,5], Both vitiligo and melasma are conditions for which current pharmaceutical therapies are inadequate, if not absent. A few topical agents are currently in use by dermatologists for the reduction of pigmentation (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of an in vitro Primary Screen for Skin Depigmentation and Antimelanoma Agents

Dooley

Gadwood²,

Kilgore³

et al. 1994

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

113

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An in vitro cell culture assay was developed to identify inhibitors of melanogenesis and agents which produce cytostatic or cytotoxic effects specifically in melanocytes. A total of 50 compounds related to tyrosine, dihydroxyphenylalanine, and hydroquinone (HQ) were tested in vitro in order to determine their effects upon a murine melanocyte cell line, Mel-Ab, that produces copious amounts of melanin in culture. The agents that demonstrated an inhibition of growth or pigment production by 50% (IC₅₀) at < 100 µg/ml were considered active. The cytotoxicity of melanocyte-active compounds were also tested in vitro on a control nonmelanocyte cell line (HT 1080), using a simple crystal violet staining method to quantitate adherent cell number after treatment. The cell culture assay was validated with known potent melanocyte cytotoxic agents, including HQ and 4-S-cysteaminylphe-nol (4-S-CAP). Although most cytotoxic chemicals were nonspecific in this primary screen (i.e. killing both Mel-Ab and HT-1080 cells), several of the compounds tested exhibited high melanocyte-specific cytotoxicity, similar to HQ and 4-S-CAP. Potentially these compounds may be useful as either antimelanoma or skin depigmentation agents. All of the compounds identified as active in this primary screen were cytotoxic or cytostatic to melanocytes, except for the methyl ester of gentisic acid, which uniquely inhibited the de novo synthesis of melanin without cytotoxicity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%