Traumatic Dental Injuries Among Twelve to Fifteen Years Old School Children in Panchkula

Abstract

Background:Traumatic dental injury (TDI) in children and adolescents has become one of the most serious dental public health problems. Despite such a high prevalence of dental trauma, very less attention has been paid to TDI, its etiology, and prevention.Objectives:To determine the prevalence of anterior tooth traumatic dental injuries in 12-15-year-old school children of Panchkula district, India, and to find any correlation with the cause, gender, extent of overbite as well as over-jet, and previous treatment.Patients and Methods:A multistage sample of 12-15-year-old school children (n = 810) in Panchkula district, Haryana, was selected. The children were screened using WHO criteria for oral examination and a trained dental surgeon examined the children. Those with clinical TDI were examined further for the type of traumatic injuries using Elis classification modified by Holland. Overjet and overbite were recorded. After examination, questions regarding the cause of trauma and its treatment were asked. Data were subjected to statistical analysis using the Chi square and Mantel-Haenszel tests by SPSS version 20.0.Results:The results showed that out of 810 children, 86 (10.2 %) had TDI. Males had higher prevalence of trauma than females (P < 0.05). The common cause of trauma was fall (51.11%) followed by sports injuries (41.86%). Enamel-dentin fracture without pulpal involvement was the most common type of trauma and the most frequent involved teeth were maxillary central incisors. A significant association was observed between overjet and overbite and trauma. Only 3.5% of the children affected with trauma had received treatment.Conclusions:The prevalence of traumatic injuries to permanent incisors in 12-15-year-old Panchkula school children was relatively high. TDI was associated with gender, overjet, and lip competence. There was a great unmet treatment need.

Dental trauma in contact sports

“…The dental traumas observed were found to occur predominantly in only one tooth (n = 12), in agreement with the literature 1,11,13,15,18,20 .…”

“…It was 38.3% (n = 23), which translates into a high prevalence. Various studies present wide-ranging values, from 4.15% to 44.2% 1,11,13,[15][16][17][18][19][20] . This rate varies considerably between studies, since the methodology employed in each differs significantly.…”

“…The majority of traumatic dental lesions occurred in the maxillary central incisors (primary and permanent) 1,[11][12][13][14][15][18][19][20][27][28] . However, the primary teeth, specifically the primary maxillary central incisors (right or left), were the most affected by trauma.…”

“…The inadequate lip coverage was determined at the start of observation by visual inspection, before the child noticed he/she was being observed. An adequate coverage is defined as the full cover of the maxillary incisors at rest, whilst an inadequate lip coverage is an incomplete cover of the incisors at rest, with about 2/3 being visible and exposed [12][13] .…”

“…The excess overjet of more than 3 mm was evaluated centrally and visualising the space from the vestibular face of the most protruded mandibular incisor to the vestibular incisor cusp of the most protruded maxillary central incisor [13][14] .…”