Transport of metals through a liquid membrane containing calix[4]arene derivatives as carrier

Transport of mercury through liquid membranes containing calixarene carriers

“…[6,12,13]. Simple theoretical approach was used to deduce the governing kinetic equations for a transport through bulk liquid membranes, and the theoretical approach to the process in BLMs was also discussed in Refs.…”

“…It was found that calyx(4)arene derivatives [6,12,13,[19][20][21] have the desired ability of selective extraction of Hg 2+ ions. These results initiated investigation of the transport of Hg 2+ by calixarene derivatives as a carrier through bulk liquid membrane and the influence of the temperature, stirring effect, carrier concentration and the type of solvent on the transport process.…”

“…Their presence in wastewaters have been recognised as a very important environmental and technological problem because of their directly effects on human health due to their widespread agricultural and industrial use throughout the world [11]. The transport of Hg 2+ ions through bulk, supported liquid membranes and activated composite membranes containing a mobile carrier has been proposed and investigated [4][5][6][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. The development of new methods for the selective removal of mercury is an important objective for environmental remediation.…”

“…The recovery of heavy metals from liquids is achieved by separation processes, which can be divided into four groups: liquid-solid, liquid-liquid, membrane separation processes and biological treatment. Liquid membranes have been recognised as an optimal solution for removal of some toxicity metal ions from wastewaters [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] because of their efficiency, selectivity and economic advantages. Their efficiency is mainly due to the use of ionophores, which offer the advantage to enhance both the efficiency (higher interfacial fluxes) and the selectivity of separation processes.…”

Development of a Calix[4]arene Sensor for Soft Metals Based on Nitrile Functionality

“….In previous cases where nitrile groups have been incorporated into a molecular backbone such as a calixarene or a bis-calixarene, these compounds have been used (in monomeric form or attached to a polymer backbone), to perform multiphase extraction experiments of metals [16][17][18][19][20] . Hg(II) in particular was found to be extracted well in most cases.…”