Transport Infrastructure and the Environment in the Global South: Sustainable Mobility and Urbanism

Cervero, Robert

doi:10.5614/jpwk.2015.25.3.1

Cited by 38 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…63 Residents of urban areas in developed countries are likely to have access to public transportation, whereas residents of urban areas in developing counties might not have such access and rely on walking as their primary mode of transit. 64,65 The importance of country context when considering the pathways through which urban and rural environments influence mental health is highlighted by a 2018 study of 42 low-and middle-income countries which found no association between urban (versus rural) residence and psychosis-a finding contrary to the well-established relationships between urban residence and psychosis that is typically observed in high-income countries. 17 This and other findings have promoted calls for greater examination of how the influence of urban and rural environments on mental health might vary between country contexts.…”

Section: Potential Differences Between Countries With Developed Versumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, urban environments could 63 increase depression risk via disrupted sleep. Poor sleep is one of the strongest risk factors for64 depression among older adults38,39 and could be exacerbated by urban environments because65 excessive exposure to artificial light at night is more prevalent in urban than rural areas and 66 disrupts sleep quality.10,[40][41][42][43] Urban residence could also increase depression risk via direct and 67 indirect exposure to neighborhood crime. Negative perceptions of neighborhood safety are strong68 7…”

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confidence: 99%

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Urban–Rural Differences in Older Adult Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Comparative Studies

Purtle

Nelson

Yang

et al. 2019

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

110

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Context: Depression among older adults (≥age 60) is a problem that could be exacerbated by global trends in urbanization and population aging. The study purpose was to assess whether urban, relative to rural, residence is associated with depression among older adults and whether associations differ in countries with developed versus developing economies.Context: Depression among older adults (aged 60 years or older) is a problem that could be exacerbated by global trends in urbanization and population aging. The study purpose was to assess whether urban, relative to rural, residence is associated with depression among older adults and whether associations differ in countries with developed versus developing economies. Evidence acquisition:In 2017, the authors identified and extracted information from comparative studies of urban-rural depression prevalence among older adults. Studies were identified in PubMed, PsychINFO, and Web of Science and limited to English language articles published after 1985. Eighteen studies met inclusion criteria. Random effects meta-analysis was conducted to produce weighted pooled ORs estimating the association between urban-rural residence and depression for all study participants (N=31,598) and sub-analyses were conducted for developed (n=12,728) and developing (n=18,870) countries.Evidence synthesis: Depression prevalence was significantly higher among urban residents in ten studies and significantly higher among rural residents in three studies (all three conducted in China). Associations between urban-rural residence and depression generally remained significant after adjusting for covariates. In developed countries, the odds of depression were significantly higher among urban than rural residents (pooled OR=1.44, 95% CI=1.10, 1.88).However, in developing countries, this association was not observed (pooled OR=0.91, 95% CI=0.46, 1.77). Conclusions:Converging trends of urbanization and population aging could increase the global burden of depression among older adults. The pathways through which urban-rural residence influences depression risk among older adults might differ by country context. Future research should focus on measuring variation in these contexts. 3CONTEXT Human longevity is increasing, and the demographic composition of societies is aging. Between 2015 and 2050, global life expectancy at birth is projected to increase from 70 to 77 years. 1 By 2050, the proportion of the world's population aged more than 60 years is projected to double and the proportion aged more than 80 years is projected to triple. 2,3 In Europe, the proportion of the population aged more than 60 years is expected to increase from 24% to 34% between 2015 and 2050. Increasing trends are also expected in Latin America (from 11% to 26%), North America (from 21% to 28%), and Asia (from 12% to 25%). 3 These increases in longevity pose challenges for policymakers as they are forced to address the implications of population aging within the context of other societal changes. As Beard and Bloom descr...

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Section: Potential Differences Between Countries With Developed Versumentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban–Rural Differences in Older Adult Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Comparative Studies

Purtle

Nelson

Yang

et al. 2019

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

110

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“…The EU has encouraged policies and paid increasing attention to sustainable mobility projects and the integration of new forms of mobility, with the objective of significantly reducing pollution in major cities [27][28][29][30]. According to Pieralice and Trepiedi [31] (p. 2), "In order to influence the policies of local authorities, it is necessary to have some means indicative of the mobility phenomenon".…”

Section: Evaluation Processes For Sustainable Urban Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban Policies and Mobility Trends in Italian Smart Cities

2017

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This study uses indicators to evaluate the progress made by Italian cities in the smart mobility sector, in order to understand how these cities have approached the new guidelines imposed by the European Union, and how they have implemented the European changes. Specifically, this study analyses the evolution of public transportation systems, using a sample of twenty-two Italian cities for three successive time periods (2005, 2010, and 2015). The outcomes identified are then linked to funding provided for the implementation of projects related to smart mobility in the cities studied, in order to verify possible correlations between the growth of these services and European and national financial investments. The data analysis shows remarkable progress in the field of sustainable mobility, especially between 2010 and 2015 as well as how this progress is linked to significant financial support that favours the realization of projects related to smart mobility.

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“…In view of future challenges like climate change and oil depletion, there is a mounting consensus that the transport sector—which is currently responsible for 13 per cent of Greenhouse Gas emissions worldwide—has to adapt (Cervero, : 175). In an urban context, which this paper is concerned with, the quest for more sustainable urban mobility is closely linked to debates about city structures and land‐use planning (cf.…”

Section: Introduction: the Car Dependent City Of Muscatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Obeng‐Odoom, ). Many urban planners are thus convinced that urban sprawl and car dependency have to be reduced if the current aim of achieving more sustainable, cleaner and more socially just cities of the future is to be realized (Cervero, : 175).…”

Section: Introduction: the Car Dependent City Of Muscatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban structures and daily mobility patterns in a city of long distances—the case of Muscat/Oman

Didero

Nebel

Pfaffenbach

2019

Singap J Trop Geogr

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Population growth, urban sprawl and a high degree of car dependency as well as slowly rising petrol prices contribute towards increasing challenges for everyday urban mobility in Muscat, Oman. Until now, only a few empirical studies have dealt with urban mobility in Oman. Therefore, this article draws mainly on our own empirical findings to answer the following questions: What do daily and weekly mobility patterns look like in Muscat? How do these practices differ depending on the social position of the household, i.e. their nationality, income and education? Which interdependent effects can be discerned between everyday mobility practices and the fragmented and segregated urban structures? Since our research questions focus on the interrelations between urban structures and individual mobility, we chose a mixed‐methods approach including methods derived both from social and spatial research. This article in particular draws on our quantitative survey covering 850 households and extensive mappings of three selected case study areas and secondary data analysis.

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Transport Infrastructure and the Environment in the Global South: Sustainable Mobility and Urbanism

Cited by 38 publications

References 9 publications

Urban–Rural Differences in Older Adult Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Comparative Studies

Urban–Rural Differences in Older Adult Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Comparative Studies

Urban Policies and Mobility Trends in Italian Smart Cities

Urban structures and daily mobility patterns in a city of long distances—the case of Muscat/Oman

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