Transport for language south of the Sylvian fissure: The routes and history of the main tracts and stations in the ventral language network

Bajada, Claude J.; Ralph, Matthew A. Lambon; Cloutman, Lauren

doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2015.05.011

Cited by 74 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…This provides new insight into the strong modulatory potential of cTBS. Probabilistic fiber tracking revealed that this effect was most probably mediated via anatomical long-distance connections that are part of the ventral association fibre system that was previously associated with semantic processing (Bajada et al, 2015). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Rapid short-term reorganization in the language network

Hartwigsen

Bzdok

Klein

et al. 2017

eLife

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The adaptive potential of the language network to compensate for lesions remains elusive. We show that perturbation of a semantic region in the healthy brain induced suppression of activity in a large semantic network and upregulation of neighbouring phonological areas. After perturbation, the disrupted area increased its inhibitory influence on another semantic key node. The inhibitory influence predicted the individual delay in response speed, indicating that inhibition at remote nodes is functionally relevant. Individual disruption predicted the upregulation of semantic activity in phonological regions. In contrast, perturbation over a phonological region suppressed activity in the network and disrupted behaviour without inducing upregulation. The beneficial contribution of a neighbouring network might thus depend on the level of functional disruption and may be interpreted to reflect a differential compensatory potential of distinct language networks. These results might reveal generic mechanisms of plasticity in cognitive networks and inform models of language reorganization.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.25964.001

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Rapid short-term reorganization in the language network

Hartwigsen

Bzdok

Klein

et al. 2017

eLife

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“…Diffusion-weighted images were acquired in 24 healthy volunteers (11 females; mean age 25.9, range 19–47) without any record of neurological or psychiatric disorders, a dataset described previously and utilized for various tractography-related explorations (Cloutman et al 2012; Binney et al 2012; Jung et al 2016; Bajada et al 2015, 2017). All participants were right-handed, as assessed by the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory (Oldfield 1971).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishing the cognitive signature of human brain networks derived from structural and functional connectivity

et al. 2018

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Numerous neuroimaging studies have identified various brain networks using task-free analyses. While these networks undoubtedly support higher cognition, their precise functional characteristics are rarely probed directly. The frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes contain the majority of the tertiary association cortex, which are key substrates for higher cognition including executive function, language, memory, and attention. Accordingly, we established the cognitive signature of a set of contrastive brain networks on the main tertiary association cortices, identified in two task-independent datasets. Using graph-theory analysis, we revealed multiple networks across the frontal, temporal, and parietal cortex, derived from structural and functional connectivity. The patterns of network activity were then investigated using three task-active fMRI datasets to generate the functional profiles of the identified networks. We employed representational dissimilarity analysis on these functional data to quantify and compare the representational characteristics of the networks. Our results demonstrated that the topology of the task-independent networks was strongly associated with the patterns of network activity in the task-active fMRI. Our findings establish a direct relationship between the brain networks identified from task-free datasets and higher cognitive functions including cognitive control, language, memory, visuospatial function, and perception. Not only does this study support the widely held view that higher cognitive functions are supported by widespread, distributed cortical networks, but also it elucidates a methodological approach for formally establishing their relationship.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s00429-018-1734-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…In humans and primates, the ATL region is strongly connected to a variety of cortical regions, including primary sensory cortices, posterior temporal and occipital cortex, medial structures (limbic cortices, hippocampal systems, and olfactory systems), and frontal systems that play roles in executive function and social cognition/valence . The pattern of long‐range, major white matter tracts also emphasizes the hub‐like connectivity of the ATL region, including convergence of the inferior longitudinal fasiculus (from posterior vOT and occipital areas), the middle longitudinal fasciculus (from inferior parietal and primary auditory regions), the uncinate fasciculus, and perhaps branches of the inferior frontal–occipital fasciculus (from various orbitofrontal, lateral frontal, and limbic regions).…”

Section: Role Of the Bilateral Versus Unilateral Atls In Conceptual Kmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graded specialization within and between the anterior temporal lobes

Rice

Hoffman

Ralph

2015

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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156

129

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Considerable evidence from different methodologies has identified the anterior temporal lobes (ATLs) as key regions for the representation of semantic knowledge. Research interest is now shifting to investigate the roles of different ATL subregions in semantic representation, with particular emphasis on the functions of the left versus right ATLs. In this review, we provide evidence for graded specializations both between and within the ATLs. We argue (1) that multimodal, pan‐category semantic representations are supported jointly by both left and right ATLs, yet (2) that the ATLs are not homogeneous in their function. Instead, subtle functional gradations both between and within the ATLs emerge as a consequence of differential connectivity with primary sensory/motor/limbic regions. This graded specialization account of semantic representation provides a compromise between theories that posit no differences between the functions of the left and right ATLs and those that posit that the left and right ATLs are entirely segregated in function. Evidence for this graded account comes from converging sources, and its benefits have been exemplified in formal computational models. We propose that this graded principle is not only a defining feature of the ATLs but is also a more general neurocomputational principle found throughout the temporal lobes.

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Transport for language south of the Sylvian fissure: The routes and history of the main tracts and stations in the ventral language network

Cited by 74 publications

References 89 publications

Rapid short-term reorganization in the language network

Rapid short-term reorganization in the language network

Establishing the cognitive signature of human brain networks derived from structural and functional connectivity

Graded specialization within and between the anterior temporal lobes

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