Transpiration and Leaf Temperature

Gates, David M.

doi:10.1146/annurev.pp.19.060168.001235

Cited by 430 publications

(257 citation statements)

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“…For instance, as long as sufficient water is available, leaf overheating can be prevented by transpirational cooling (Larcher 1995). Since transpiration is drastically reduced by drought, it has proved very difficult to separate the direct effects of high temperature from those of water deficit (Gates 1968). To complicate the matter further, leaf desiccation enhanced resistance of PSII to high temperature stress in certain species (Havaux 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between water stress, sun‐shade acclimation, heat tolerance and photoinhibition in the sclerophyll Heteromeles arbutifolia

Valladares¹,

Pearcy²

1997

Plant Cell & Environment

359

258

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Gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence techniques were used to evaluate the acclimation capacity of the schlerophyll shrub Heteromeles arbutifolia M. Roem. to the multiple co-occurring summer stresses of the California chaparral. We examined the influence of water, heat and high light stresses on the carhon gain and survival of sun and shade seedlings via a factorial experiment involving a slow drying cycle applied to plants grown outdoors during the summer. The photochemical efficiency of PSII exhibited a diurnal, transient decrease (AF/F^') and a chronic decrease or photoinhibition (FJFj^) in plants exposed to full sunlight. Water stress enhanced both transient decreases of AFIF^' and photoinhibition. Effects of decreased AF/F^^' and F,^/F^ on carbon gain were observed only in well-watered plants since in waterstressed plants they were overidden by stomatal closure. Reductions in photochemical efficiency and stomatal conductance were observed in all plants exposed to full sunlight, even in those that were well-watered. This suggested that H. arbutifolia sacrificed carbon gain for water conservation and photoprotection (both structurally via sboot architecture and physiologically via down-regulation) and that this response was triggered by a hot and dry atmosphere together with high PFD, before severe water, heat or high PFD stresses occur. We found fast adaptive adjustments of the thermal stability of PSII (diurnal changes) and a superimposed long-term acclimation (days to weeks) to high leaf temperatures. Water stress enhanced resistance of PSII to high temperatures both in the dark and over a wide range of PFD. Low PFD protected photochemical activity against inactivation by heat while high PFD exacerbated damage of PSII by heat. The greater interception of radiation by horizontally restrained leaves relative to the steep leaves of sun-acclimated plants caused photoinhibition and increased leaf temperature. When transpirational cooling was decreased by water stress, leaf temperature surpassed the limits of chloroplast thermostability. The remarkable acclimation of water-stressed Key-words: Heteromeles arbutifolia., heat stress; interaction between stresses; leaf angle; photoinhibition; photosynthesis; sclerophyll; sun-shade acclimation; thermal stability of photosystem II; transpiration cooling; water stress.Abbreviations: A, net CO2 assimilation rate; FJF^, photochemical efficiency of PSII (dark adapted leaves); AF/F^', photochemical efficiency of PSII in the light; g^, stomatal conductance to water vapour; PFD, photosynthetic photon flux density; PSII, photosystem II; T^., critical temperature for heat-induced fluorescence rise; Tp, temperature of heatinduced peak fluorescence; % water potential.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between water stress, sun‐shade acclimation, heat tolerance and photoinhibition in the sclerophyll Heteromeles arbutifolia

Valladares¹,

Pearcy²

1997

Plant Cell & Environment

359

258

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“…It minimizes the effects of drought caused by salt (Flowers, 1986), temperature (Kluge & Ting, 1978) and water (Fahn & Cutler, 1992) stresses. As transpiration is reduced through a smaller leaf area (Smith, 1978;Hopkins, 1995) and a larger volume (Gates 1968;Kluge & Ting, 1978), both structural components should be also accounted for in succulence measurements, which can be done through the formula proposed here. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A method to improve leaf succulence quantification

Mantovani

1999

Braz. arch. biol. technol.

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“…It was expected that leaf heat damage would be related to leaf area or the perimeter-area ratio because of the relationship between leaf size and boundary layer resistance (Gates, 1968;Givnish, 1978). Our work shows that of the five biological attributes measured, the main difference between heat-damaged and undamaged species was leaf thickness, with undamaged leaves on average 61% thicker than damaged leaves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat damage in sclerophylls is influenced by their leaf properties and plant environment

Groom¹,

Lamont

Leighton

et al. 2004

Écoscience

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Mediterranean southwestern Australia experienced two successive days of extreme (> 45 °C) maximum temperatures and hot winds during the summer of 1991, resulting in adult mortality and extensive crown damage in a sclerophyllous mallee-heathland. To investigate the relationship between leaf attributes, plant environment, and heat tolerance in sclerophylls, measurements of plant height, leaf clustering, leaf morphology (thickness, dry density, area, perimeter/area ratio), percentage crown damage, and percentage mortality, and categories of exposure to wind, shade, and bare soils were recorded for 40 heat-damaged and 14 undamaged co-occurring species. Analyzing the entire dataset by principal components analysis showed that undamaged species had thicker leaves (on average 61% thicker) than species with damaged leaves and were more exposed to wind, sun, and bare soil. Thicker leaves are a common response to hot, dry, and more exposed environments and are more heat tolerant than thinner leaves. A separate analysis of the Proteaceae (25 damaged and six undamaged species) showed a similar trend to the overall dataset. An analysis of the Myrtaceae (10 damaged and three undamaged species) showed that wind exposure and level of shading were the most important variables influencing the degree of leaf damage. Percentage leaf damage was significantly correlated with percentage adult mortality, but not with the ability of a species to regrow (percentage of plants producing new shoots). Differences between undamaged and damaged species may be a result of preconditioning, whereby species growing in more exposed habitats were pre-adapted to tolerate periods of heat stress. It is unlikely that the study species were able to reduce leaf temperatures via transpirational cooling during the hottest part of the 2-d heatwave. The ability of a species to tolerate extreme temperature events will be determined by the interaction between leaf heat loads, leaf heat-storing capacity, and the degree of exposure to environmental elements. Keywords: heat tolerance, leaf clustering, leaf damage, leaf thickness, Mediterranean-type summer.Résumé : Le sud-ouest de l'Australie, une région au climat méditerranéen, a connu deux journées successives de températures maximales extrêmes (> 45 °C) et de vents chauds pendant l'été 1991, ce qui a eu pour effet d'engendrer une mortalité chez les arbres adultes ou de causer des dommages considérables à la couronne de ces derniers dans les landes à plantes sclérophylles. Afin de connaître les relations existant entre les caractéristiques des feuilles, l'environnement des plantes et la tolérance à la chaleur des plantes sclérophylles, nous avons mesuré différents paramètres chez 40 espèces ayant subi des dommages causés par la chaleur et chez 14 autres espèces voisines n'ayant pas été affectées. Les paramètres retenus ont été la hauteur des plantes, le regroupement des feuilles, la morphologie des feuilles (épaisseur, densité à l'état sec, surface, rapport du périmètre sur la surface), le pourcentage d...

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Transpiration and Leaf Temperature

Cited by 430 publications

References 0 publications

Interactions between water stress, sun‐shade acclimation, heat tolerance and photoinhibition in the sclerophyll Heteromeles arbutifolia

Interactions between water stress, sun‐shade acclimation, heat tolerance and photoinhibition in the sclerophyll Heteromeles arbutifolia

A method to improve leaf succulence quantification

Heat damage in sclerophylls is influenced by their leaf properties and plant environment

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