Transpacific transport of benzo[a]pyrene emitted from Asia

Zhang, Y.; Tao, Shu; Ma, Jianmin; Simonich, Staci Massey

doi:10.5194/acp-11-11993-2011

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(91 reference statements)

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“…5, Table S4). Compared with previous studies, our simulated average concentrations of BaP agreed well with the observation (deviation < 10 %), while Zhang et al (2011a) underestimated BaP by about 50 %. For the Gosan summer case, our simulated average BaP concentration is 0.006 ng m −3 (Fig.…”

Section: Evaluation Of the Asian Outflowsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Secondary emissions (re-volatilisation) from the sea surface of the Yellow Sea and the adjacent shelf areas (East and South China seas) also influence the regional PAH distributions over the mainland. This was not addressed in this study (process not included) and should be investigated in order to better assess trans-Pacific transport of PAHs and their even more toxic metabolites, nitro-PAHs (Zhang et al, 2011a).…”

Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eulerian chemical transport models have been developed and applied for regions, i.e. Europe (Aulinger et al, 2007;Matthias et al, 2009;Bieser et al, 2012;San Jose et al, 2013;Efstathiou et al, 2016), North America (Galarneau et al, 2014) and East Asia (Zhang et al, , 2011aInomata et al, 2012Inomata et al, , 2013, or on the global scale (Sehili and Lammel, 2007;Lammel et al, 2009;Friedman and Selin, 2012;Friedman et al, 2014a, b;Shen et al, 2014;Shrivastava et al, 2017). The aforementioned studies differ in many respects relating to the PAH species examined, the temporal variability of their emissions, the spatial and process resolutions of the models.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Regional modelling of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: WRF-Chem-PAH model development and East Asia case studies

Lammel

Gencarelli

et al. 2017

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are hazardous pollutants, with increasing emissions in pace with economic development in East Asia, but their distribution and fate in the atmosphere are not yet well understood. We extended the regional atmospheric chemistry model WRFChem (Weather Research Forecast model with Chemistry module) to comprehensively study the atmospheric distribution and the fate of low-concentration, slowly degrading semivolatile compounds. The WRF-Chem-PAH model reflects the state-of-the-art understanding of current PAHs studies with several new or updated features. It was applied for PAHs covering a wide range of volatility and hydrophobicity, i.e. phenanthrene, chrysene and benzo[a]pyrene, in East Asia. Temporally highly resolved PAH concentrations and particulate mass fractions were evaluated against observations. The WRF-Chem-PAH model is able to reasonably well simulate the concentration levels and particulate mass fractions of PAHs near the sources and at a remote outflow region of East Asia, in high spatial and temporal resolutions. Sensitivity study shows that the heterogeneous reaction with ozone and the homogeneous reaction with the nitrate radical significantly influence the fate and distributions of PAHs. The methods to implement new species and to correct the transport problems can be applied to other newly implemented species in WRF-Chem.

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Section: Evaluation Of the Asian Outflowsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regional modelling of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: WRF-Chem-PAH model development and East Asia case studies

Lammel

Gencarelli

et al. 2017

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…For example, Zhang et al (2009) estimated PAH population exposure and cancer risk in China using modeled regional distribution of 16 PAHs. Zhang et al (2011) investigated long range transport of BaP from Asia to North America using a global chemical transport model. However, few prior modeling studies have quantitatively determined the concentrations of PAH species in the US utilizing regional transport models, and extensively evaluated the predicted PAH concentrations against measurements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating population exposure to ambient polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in the United States – Part I: Model development and evaluation

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2017

Environment International

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PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) in the environment are of significant concern due to their negative impact on human health. PAH measurements at the air toxics monitoring network stations alone are not sufficient to provide a complete picture of ambient PAH levels or to allow accurate assessment of public exposure in the United States. In this study, speciation profiles for PAHs were prepared using data assembled from existing emission profile data bases, and the Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions (SMOKE) model was used to generate the gridded national emissions of 16 priority PAHs in the US. The estimated emissions were applied to simulate ambient concentration of PAHs for January, April, July and October 2011, using a modified Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model (v5.0.1) that treats the gas and particle phase partitioning of PAHs and their reactions in the gas phase and on particle surface. Predicted daily PAH concentrations at 61 air toxics monitoring sites generally agreed with observations, and averaging the predictions over a month reduced the overall error. The best model performance was obtained at rural sites, with an average mean fractional bias (MFB) of −0.03 and mean fractional error (MFE) of 0.70. Concentrations at suburban and urban sites were underestimated with overall MFB = −0.57 and MFE = 0.89. Predicted PAH concentrations were highest in January with better model performance (MFB = 0.12, MFE = 0.69; including all sites), and lowest in July with worse model performance (MFB = −0.90, MFE = 1.08). Including heterogeneous reactions of several PAHs with O3 on particle surface reduced the over-prediction bias in winter, although significant uncertainties were expected due to relative simple treatment of the heterogeneous reactions in the current model.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional modelling of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: WRF/Chem-PAH model development and East Asia case studies

Mu¹,

Lammel²,

Gencarelli³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are hazardous pollutants, with increasing emissions in pace with economic development in East Asia, but their distribution and fate in the atmosphere have not yet been well understood. We extended the regional atmospheric chemistry model WRF/Chem (Weather Research Forecast model with Chemistry module) to comprehensively study the atmospheric distribution and the fate of low concentrated, slowly degrading semivolatile compounds. The WRF/Chem-PAH model reflects the state-of-the-art understanding of current PAHs studies with several new or updated features. It was applied for PAHs covering a wide range of volatility and hydrophobicity i.e., phenanthrene, chrysene and benzo(a)pyrene, in East Asia. Temporally highly resolved PAH concentrations and particulate mass fractions were evaluated against observations. The WRF/Chem-PAH model is able to reasonably well simulate the concentration levels and particulate mass fractions of PAHs near the sources and at a remote outflow region of East Asia, in high spatial and temporal resolutions. Sensitivity study shows that the heterogeneous reaction with ozone and the homogeneous reaction with the nitrate radical significantly influence the fate and distributions of PAHs. The methods to implement new tracers and to correct the transport problems can be applied to other newly implemented tracers in WRF/Chem.</p>

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Transpacific transport of benzo[a]pyrene emitted from Asia

Cited by 21 publications

References 51 publications

Regional modelling of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: WRF-Chem-PAH model development and East Asia case studies

Regional modelling of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: WRF-Chem-PAH model development and East Asia case studies

Estimating population exposure to ambient polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in the United States – Part I: Model development and evaluation

Regional modelling of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: WRF/Chem-PAH model development and East Asia case studies

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