Transmission in the Guinea Pig Model

Bouvier, Nicole M.; Steel, John

doi:10.1007/82_2014_390

Cited by 30 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…This working model will be tested in our future experiment. Transmission experiments using influenza types A and B in various animal models also showed higher efficiency in transmission by the contact route than by the aerosol route (14). Swine FLUDV was also reported to transmit by contact in pigs and ferrets (7).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Our study was based on the following considerations. First, guinea pig has been used extensively as an alternate mammalian animal model for studying the pathogenesis of many influenza viruses, including FLUBV (13)(14)(15). Second, this animal model was susceptible to infections by influenza A virus subtypes and demonstrated virus replication in lungs.…”

Section: Influenza D Virus (Fludv) Is a Novel Emerging Pathogen With mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Replication and Transmission of the Novel Bovine Influenza D Virus in a Guinea Pig Model

Sreenivasan

Thomas

Sheng

et al. 2015

J Virol

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Influenza D virus (FLUDV) is a novel influenza virus that infects cattle and swine. The goal of this study was to investigate the replication and transmission of bovine FLUDV in guinea pigs. Following direct intranasal inoculation of animals, the virus was detected in nasal washes of infected animals during the first 7 days postinfection. High viral titers were obtained from nasal turbinates and lung tissues of directly inoculated animals. Further, bovine FLUDV was able to transmit from the infected guinea pigs to sentinel animals by means of contact and not by aerosol dissemination under the experimental conditions tested in this study. Despite exhibiting no clinical signs, infected guinea pigs developed seroconversion and the viral antigen was detected in lungs of animals by immunohistochemistry. The observation that bovine FLUDV replicated in the respiratory tract of guinea pigs was similar to observations described previously in studies of gnotobiotic calves and pigs experimentally infected with bovine FLUDV but different from those described previously in experimental infections in ferrets and swine with a swine FLUDV, which supported virus replication only in the upper respiratory tract and not in the lower respiratory tract, including lung. Our study established that guinea pigs could be used as an animal model for studying this newly emerging influenza virus. IMPORTANCE Influenza D virus (FLUDV) is a novel emerging pathogen with bovine as its primary host. The epidemiology and pathogenicity of the virus are not yet known. FLUDV also spreads to swine, and the presence of FLUDV-specific antibodies in humans couldindicate that there is a potential for zoonosis. Our results showed that bovine FLUDV replicated in the nasal turbinate and lungs of guinea pigs at high titers and was also able to transmit from an infected animal to sentinel animals by contact. The fact that bovine FLUDV replicated productively in both the upper and lower respiratory tracts of guinea pigs, similarly to virus infection in its native host, demonstrates that guinea pigs would be a suitable model host to study the replication and transmission potential of bovine FLUDV. Influenza viruses are negative-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses classified in the Orthomyxoviridae family. There are three recognized genera of influenza viruses, designated influenza A virus (IAV or FLUAV), influenza B virus (FLUBV), and influenza C virus (FLUCV). FLUAV and FLUBV have 8 negative-sense, single-stranded RNA segments, whereas FLUCV has only 7 segments. FLUAV proteins include 5 structural proteins, HA (hemagglutinin), NA, M1, M2, and NP (ribonucleoprotein); 3 subunits of the RNA polymerase complex, polymerase basic protein 1 (PB1), polymerase basic protein 2 (PB2), and polymerase acidic protein (PA); and 3 nonstructural proteins, NS1, NS2 (nuclear export protein [NEP]), and PB1-F2 (1). Recent studies have suggested that NS2 and (probably) NS1 of FLUAV are structural proteins that can be detected in virions (2). FLUBV has 6 structural proteins, HA...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Influenza D Virus (Fludv) Is a Novel Emerging Pathogen With mentioning

confidence: 99%

Replication and Transmission of the Novel Bovine Influenza D Virus in a Guinea Pig Model

Sreenivasan

Thomas

Sheng

et al. 2015

J Virol

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“…Increased transmission of the first dominant influenza strain may later lead to development of sufficient immunity among the population, which in turn will stop or decrease the spread of the virus. Consequently increased activity of co-circulating strains [36, 37] occurs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

National Influenza Surveillance in the Philippines from 2006 to 2012: seasonality and circulating strains

et al. 2016

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BackgroundThe results of routine influenza surveillance in 13 regions in the Philippines from 2006 to 2012 are presented, describing the annual seasonal epidemics of confirmed influenza virus infection, seasonal and alert thresholds, epidemic curve, and circulating influenza strains.MethodsRetrospective analysis of Philippine influenza surveillance data from 2006 to 2012 was conducted to determine seasonality with the use of weekly influenza positivity rates and calculating epidemic curves and seasonal and alert thresholds using the World Health Organization (WHO) global epidemiological surveillance standards for influenza.ResultsIncreased weekly influenza positive rates were observed from June to November, coinciding with the rainy season and school opening. Two or more peaks of influenza activity were observed with different dominant influenza types associated with each peak. A-H1N1, A-H3N2, and two types of B viruses circulated during the influenza season in varying proportions every year. Increased influenza activity for 2012 occurred 8 weeks late in week 29, rather than the expected week of rise of cases in week 21 as depicted in the established average epidemic curve and seasonal threshold. The intensity was severe going above the alert threshold but of short duration. Southern Hemisphere vaccine strains matched circulating influenza virus for more surveillance years than Northern Hemisphere vaccine strains.ConclusionsInfluenza seasonality in the Philippines is from June to November. The ideal time to administer Southern Hemisphere influenza vaccine should be from April to May. With two lineages of influenza B circulating annually, quadrivalent vaccine might have more impact on influenza control than trivalent vaccine. Establishment of thresholds and average epidemic curve provide a tool for policy-makers to assess the intensity or severity of the current influenza epidemic even early in its course, to help plan more precisely resources necessary to control the outbreak. Influenza surveillance activities should be continued in the Philippines and funding for such activities should already be incorporated into the Philippine health budget.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12879-016-2087-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…His laboratory went on to demonstrate that commercially available, outbred Hartley strain guinea pigs could be productively infected with an unadapted human isolate by intranasal inoculation and could transmit the virus both to uninfected cage-mates and to naïve guinea pigs in cages up to 91 cm (3 feet) away [50]. Inbred Strain 2 and Strain 13 guinea pigs were similarly susceptible to infection with human influenza virus strains and could transmit virus to susceptible partner animals; however, inbred colonies are privately held and are less readily procured than are commercially bred Hartley guinea pigs [50, 52, 66]. Further research by the Palese group has demonstrated the presence of antibodies to human influenza viruses in livestock guinea pigs raised in three different regions of Ecuador, where guinea pig meat ( cuy ) is part of the traditional Andean cuisine [67].…”

Section: Guinea Pig Modeling Of Influenza Virus Transmission: a Histomentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal models for influenza virus transmission studies: a historical perspective

Bouvier

2015

Current Opinion in Virology

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Animal models are used to simulate, under experimental conditions, the complex interactions among host, virus, and environment that affect the person-to-person spread of influenza viruses. The three species that have been most frequently employed, both past and present, as influenza virus transmission models -- ferrets, mice, and guinea pigs -- have each provided unique insights into the factors governing the efficiency with which these viruses pass from an infected host to a susceptible one. This review will highlight a few of these noteworthy discoveries, with a particular focus on the historical contexts in which each model was developed and the advantages and disadvantages of each species with regard to the study of influenza virus transmission among mammals.

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Transmission in the Guinea Pig Model

Cited by 30 publications

References 91 publications

Replication and Transmission of the Novel Bovine Influenza D Virus in a Guinea Pig Model

Replication and Transmission of the Novel Bovine Influenza D Virus in a Guinea Pig Model

National Influenza Surveillance in the Philippines from 2006 to 2012: seasonality and circulating strains

Animal models for influenza virus transmission studies: a historical perspective

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