Transition to PCR diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis in the Norwegian healthcare system: could the increase in reported cases be due to higher sensitivity or a change in the testing algorithm?

Campbell, Sophie M.; Pettersen, Frank Olav; Brekke, Hanne; Hanevik, Kurt; Robertson, Lucy J.

doi:10.1007/s10096-022-04426-3

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…However, surveillance data indicate diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis in Norway is rising, and that most cases have been acquired endemically (e.g. Campbell et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Cryptosporidium Spp (Food-borne Pathogen Genus Rank...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current and potential future impacts of food- and water-borne parasites in a changing world: A Norwegian perspective

Robertson,

Woolsey,

Jiménez-Meléndez

2024

Current Research in Parasitology & Vector-Borne Diseases

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“…However, surveillance data indicate diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis in Norway is rising, and that most cases have been acquired endemically (e.g. Campbell et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Cryptosporidium Spp (Food-borne Pathogen Genus Rank...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unlike cryptosporidiosis, it seems that the majority of cases of giardiasis diagnosed in Norway are acquired abroad ( Campbell et al, 2022 ). However, the Bergen outbreak reminds us that endemic transmission can and does occur.…”

Section: Giardia Duodenalis (Food-borne Pathogen Species Ran...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Current and potential future impacts of food- and water-borne parasites in a changing world: A Norwegian perspective

Robertson,

Woolsey,

Jiménez-Meléndez

2024

Current Research in Parasitology & Vector-Borne Diseases

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“…The low sensitivity of diagnosis using staining techniques may limit early diagnosis, early treatment and possible prevention of the fulminate life threatening diarrhea seen in immunocompromised patients. Recently, molecular techniques have been used in diagnosing cryptosporidiosis in developed countries, owing to its sensitivity, specificity and rapid turnaround time (Campbell et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Cryptosporidium spp in Development of Colorectal Cancer

El-Latif

Kandil

Shamseya

et al. 2023

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev

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Background: Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies in humans. About 20% of the cancer incidence was attributed to infectious agents highlighting the association between infectious agents and the development of cancers. It has been suspected that Cryptosporidium spp. infection may be correlated with colon adenocarcinoma. Aim: investigate the percentage of cryptosporidiosis among colorectal cancer patients. Subjects: 100 patients were recruited from Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University. Methods: Fresh stool specimens were collected, homogenized and examined using direct wet mount and by permanent staining of faecal smears using Modified ZN staining. Molecular detection by PCR amplification of Cryptosporidium COWP gene. Results: Significantly higher proportion of colorectal cancer patients (32.5%, 42.5%) tested positive by MZN and ELISA respectively compared to only 3.3% and 5% of positive MZN and ELISA among control group. Also, positive PCR was detected among higher proportion of colorectal cancer patients (47.5%) and only 5% of control group. Odds of colorectal cancer is 19 times among positive cases of Cryptosporidium by PCR than those without proven infection by PCR (OR 19.12;. Comparison of the assessment of Cryptosporidium infection made by two techniques produces a kappa value of 0.770, and .759 respectively between NZN, ELISA and PCR as a gold standard, suggesting a good agreement between the two techniques and PCR. This value of kappa is significantly different from zero, K.770, p<0.001 for MZN and K.759, p<.001 for ELISA. Specificity of MZN (100%) is higher than that of ELISA (96.2%) and both reported higher specificity than sensitivity denoting that both tests are good positive to rule in the presence of infection at 40% prevalence. Conclusion: Cryptosporidium infection is significantly higher among cancer colon patients reinforcing that it might be considered as a likely risk factor for the development cancer colon.

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Intestinal protozoa in returning travellers: a GeoSentinel analysis from 2007 to 2019

Weitzel,

Brown,

Libman

et al. 2024

Journal of Travel Medicine

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Background Prolonged diarrhoea is common among returning travellers and is often caused by intestinal protozoa. However, the epidemiology of travel-associated illness caused by protozoal pathogens is not well described. Methods We analysed records of returning international travellers with illness caused by Giardia duodenalis, Cryptosporidium spp., Cyclospora cayetanensis, or Cystoisospora belli, reported to the GeoSentinel Network during January 2007–December 2019. We excluded records of travellers migrating, with an unascertainable exposure country, or from GeoSentinel sites that were not located in high-income countries. Results There were 2517 cases, 82.3% giardiasis (n = 2072), 11.4% cryptosporidiosis (n = 287), 6.0% cyclosporiasis (n = 150), and 0.3% cystoisosporiasis (n = 8). Overall, most travellers were tourists (64.4%) on long trips (median durations: 18–30 days). Cryptosporidiosis more frequently affected people < 18 years (13.9%) and cyclosporiasis affected people ≥40 years (59.4%). Giardiasis was most frequently acquired in South-Central Asia (45.8%) and Sub-Saharan Africa (22.6%), cryptosporidiosis in Sub-Saharan Africa (24.7%) and South-Central Asia (19.5%), and cyclosporiasis in South East Asia (31.3%) and Central America (27.3%). and cystoisosporiasis in Sub-Saharan Africa (62.5%). Cyclosporiasis cases were reported from countries of uncertain endemicity (e.g. Cambodia) or in countries with no previous evidence of this parasite (e.g. French Guiana). The time from symptom onset to presentation at a GeoSentinel site was the longest among travellers with giardiasis (median: 30 days). Over 14% of travellers with cryptosporidiosis were hospitalized. Conclusions This analysis provides new insights into the epidemiology and clinical significance of 4 intestinal protozoa that can cause morbidity in international travellers. These data might help optimize pretravel advice and post-travel management of patients with travel-associated prolonged gastrointestinal illnesses. This analysis reinforces the importance of international travel-related surveillance to identify sentinel cases and areas where protozoal infections might be undetected or underreported.

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Transition to PCR diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis in the Norwegian healthcare system: could the increase in reported cases be due to higher sensitivity or a change in the testing algorithm?

Cited by 4 publications

References 12 publications

Current and potential future impacts of food- and water-borne parasites in a changing world: A Norwegian perspective

Current and potential future impacts of food- and water-borne parasites in a changing world: A Norwegian perspective

Role of Cryptosporidium spp in Development of Colorectal Cancer

Intestinal protozoa in returning travellers: a GeoSentinel analysis from 2007 to 2019

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