Transition Metal Carbides and Nitrides in Energy Storage and Conversion

Zhong, Yu; Xia, Xinhui; Shi, Fan; Zhan, Jiye; Tu, Jiangping; Fan, Hong Jin

doi:10.1002/advs.201700047

Cited by 148 publications

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“…In recent years, the demand for metal nitrides nanosheets, including those that do not form layered structures, is increasing due to their remarkable physical and chemical properties such as high electrical conductivities, catalytic properties, energy storage, and conversion efficiency . The method of preparing metal nitrides nanosheets published to date is limited to exfoliation of layered materials and gas‐phase synthesis .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of molybdenum nitrides nanosheets by nitriding 2H‐MoS₂ with ammonia

2018

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Metal nitrides nanosheets possess remarkable physical and chemical properties such as high electrical conductivities, catalytic properties, energy storage, and conversion efficiency. In this paper, molybdenum nitride (Mo5N6, MoN, and Mo2N) nanosheets were synthesized by nitriding and exfoliating the bulk 2H‐MoS2 via dropping N from ammonia at high temperature. Molybdenum nitride nanosheets with the thickness of dozens of nanometers were prepared successfully under different conditions. It was found that the reaction between MoS2 and NH3 began from about 696°C, and reduction products and reaction mechanisms were strongly dependent on the temperature. When there was MoS2, the generated Mo5N6, MoN, and Mo2N can exist stably at even 820, 1020, and 1120°C, respectively. However, they will decompose progressively after MoS2 was consumed completely: at 820°C, Mo5N6 started to decompose to δ‐MoN; at 1020°C, the phase evolution process of MoN can be described as follows: δ‐MoN→ γ‐Mo2N→ β‐Mo2N→ Mo, while at 1120°C, the β‐Mo2N will transform to Mo.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of molybdenum nitrides nanosheets by nitriding 2H‐MoS₂ with ammonia

2018

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“…Herein, we successfully endowC o 4 Nw ith prominent HER catalytic capability by tailoring the positions of the d-band center through transitionmetal doping.T he V-doped Co 4 Nn anosheets displaya n overpotential of 37 mV at 10 mA cm À2 ,w hich is substantially better than Co 4 Na nd even close to the benchmark Pt/C catalysts.X ANES,U PS,a nd DFT calculations consistently reveal the enhanced performance is attributed to the downshift of the d-band center,w hich helps facilitate the Hd esorption. [8] Va rious transition-metal nitrides,s uch as MoN, [9] Ni 3 N, [10] WN, [11] and alloyed metal nitrides, [3a, 12] have been reported to be HER catalysts in alkaline media. [1] Alkaline electrolysis has been viewed as the most feasible way for the industrial production of hydrogen.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…[8] Va rious transition-metal nitrides,s uch as MoN, [9] Ni 3 N, [10] WN, [11] and alloyed metal nitrides, [3a, 12] have been reported to be HER catalysts in alkaline media. [8] Va rious transition-metal nitrides,s uch as MoN, [9] Ni 3 N, [10] WN, [11] and alloyed metal nitrides, [3a, 12] have been reported to be HER catalysts in alkaline media.…”

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confidence: 99%

Tailoring the d‐Band Centers Enables Co₄N Nanosheets To Be Highly Active for Hydrogen Evolution Catalysis

et al. 2018

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Endowing materials with specific functions that are not readily available is always of great importance,b ut extremely challenging.C o 4 N, with its beneficial metallic characteristics,h as been proved to be highly active for the oxidation of water,w hile it is notoriously poor for catalyzing the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), because of its unfavorable d-band energy level. Herein, we successfully endowC o 4 Nw ith prominent HER catalytic capability by tailoring the positions of the d-band center through transitionmetal doping.T he V-doped Co 4 Nn anosheets displaya n overpotential of 37 mV at 10 mA cm À2 ,w hich is substantially better than Co 4 Na nd even close to the benchmark Pt/C catalysts.X ANES,U PS,a nd DFT calculations consistently reveal the enhanced performance is attributed to the downshift of the d-band center,w hich helps facilitate the Hd esorption. This concept could provide valuable insights into the design of other catalysts for HER and beyond.Hydrogen holds great promise in the development of clean energy systems,because of its high gravimetric energy density and environmental friendliness. [1] Alkaline electrolysis has been viewed as the most feasible way for the industrial production of hydrogen. [1d, 2] However,the sluggish hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline medium and the associated substantial energy loss greatly impede the efficiency of water electrolysis.A lthough Pt and Pt-based materials are the benchmark HER catalysts,t he cost of Pt severely restrains its application on an industrially scale. [2b] To this end, exploring earth-abundant and catalytically active non-noble-metal-based catalysts,s uch as transition-metal nitrides, [3] phosphides, [4] sulfides, [5] selenides, [6] and carbides, [7] is highly imperative.Tr ansition-metal nitrides have emerged as an interesting family of HER catalysts,b ecause of their high electrical conductivity and noble-metal-like behavior. [8] Va rious transition-metal nitrides,s uch as MoN, [9] Ni 3 N, [10] WN, [11] and alloyed metal nitrides, [3a, 12] have been reported to be HER catalysts in alkaline media. Fore xample,N i 3 Nn anosheets exhibited an overpotential of 115 mV for HER catalysis at 10 mA cm À2 . [10b] 3D NiMoN obtained by N 2 plasma treatment displayed an overpotential of 109 mV at 10 mA cm À2 . [3a] Although significant progress has been achieved with metal nitrides,t heir overall performance is still much lower than that of the benchmark Pt/C catalysts.M oreover,alarge variation in the performance of the metal nitrides has been observed. Unfortunately,the intrinsic mechanism to interpret the variation, especially the modulation principle of the metal centers in metal nitrides for HER, is still poorly understood.Co 4 N, where Ni si ncorporated into the interstices of the Co-based framework, has both Co-Co and covalent Co-N interactions.I ts potential catalytic properties arise from the contraction of the dband. [13] Co 4 Nh as shown promising catalytic activity in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). [13,14] Forexampl...

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“…Ferromagnetic order in two-dimensional (2D) crystals is of great significance for fundamental studies and applications in spintronics. Recent experiments have revealed that intrinsic ferromagnetism occurs in 2D crystals of Cr 2 Ge 2 Te 6 [1] and CrI 3 [2], while graphene and group-VI dichalcogenide monolayers acquire large exchange splitting when integrated with nanomagnets [3][4][5][6][8][9][10].…”

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Anomalous Hall Effect in 2D Dirac Materials

Offidani

Ferreira

2018

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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We present a unified theory of charge carrier transport in 2D Dirac systems with broken mirror inversion and time-reversal symmetries (e.g., as realized in ferromagnetic graphene). We find that the entanglement between spin and pseudospin SU(2) degrees of freedom stemming from spin-orbit effects leads to a distinctive gate voltage dependence (change of sign) of the anomalous Hall conductivity approaching the topological gap, which remains robust against impurity scattering and thus is a smoking gun for magnetized 2D Dirac fermions. Furthermore, we unveil a robust skew scattering mechanism, modulated by the spin texture of the energy bands, which causes a net spin accumulation at the sample boundaries even for spin-transparent disorder. The newly unveiled extrinsic spin Hall effect is readily tunable by a gate voltage and opens novel opportunities for the control of spin currents in 2D ferromagnetic materials. arXiv:1801.07713v3 [cond-mat.mes-hall]

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Transition Metal Carbides and Nitrides in Energy Storage and Conversion

Cited by 148 publications

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Synthesis of molybdenum nitrides nanosheets by nitriding 2H‐MoS₂ with ammonia

Synthesis of molybdenum nitrides nanosheets by nitriding 2H‐MoS₂ with ammonia

Tailoring the d‐Band Centers Enables Co₄N Nanosheets To Be Highly Active for Hydrogen Evolution Catalysis

Anomalous Hall Effect in 2D Dirac Materials

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Transition Metal Carbides and Nitrides in Energy Storage and Conversion

Cited by 148 publications

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Synthesis of molybdenum nitrides nanosheets by nitriding 2H‐MoS2 with ammonia

Synthesis of molybdenum nitrides nanosheets by nitriding 2H‐MoS2 with ammonia

Tailoring the d‐Band Centers Enables Co4N Nanosheets To Be Highly Active for Hydrogen Evolution Catalysis

Anomalous Hall Effect in 2D Dirac Materials

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Synthesis of molybdenum nitrides nanosheets by nitriding 2H‐MoS₂ with ammonia

Synthesis of molybdenum nitrides nanosheets by nitriding 2H‐MoS₂ with ammonia

Tailoring the d‐Band Centers Enables Co₄N Nanosheets To Be Highly Active for Hydrogen Evolution Catalysis