Transgenic avidin maize is resistant to storage insect pests

Kramer, Karl J.; Morgan, Thomas D.; Throne, James E.; Dowell, Floyd E.; Bailey, Murray; Howard, John A.

doi:10.1038/76531

Cited by 115 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…An insect-feeding bioassay of T. confusum was conducted based on the methods described by Kramer et al 7) Genetically transformed rice grains from the no. 17 line were ground using a food mill (IFM-100, Iwatani International).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6) Avidin is one of the most promising candidate insect control proteins because of its efficacy and broad spectrum of activity. Studies of transgenic avidin plants, including maize (Zea mays) 7) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), 8) have indicated that they are toxic to insect pests or that they suppress the growth of insects when they feed on the transgenic plants.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Avidin Expressed in Transgenic Rice Confers Resistance to the Stored-Product Insect PestsTribolium confusumandSitotroga cerealella

Yoza

Imamura

Kramer

et al. 2005

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Avidin Expressed in Transgenic Rice Confers Resistance to the Stored-Product Insect PestsTribolium confusumandSitotroga cerealella

Yoza

Imamura

Kramer

et al. 2005

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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“…We were able to classify kernels containing more than 60 ppm avidin with 92% accuracy and kernels containing less than 60 ppm avidin with 77% accuracy. The amount of avidin required to kill most insects tested is around 100 ppm (Kramer et at., 2000). Thus, NIRS is useful for segregating maize into samples containing low or high levels of avidin.…”

Section: Detection Of Biopesticidal Avidin In Transgenic Maizementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Avidin is toxic to most insects against which it has been tested (Kramer et al, 2000), and a gene that encodes the protein avidin has been incorporated into maize (Hood et al, 1997). About 50% of these transgenic kernels do not contain avidin because of male sterility.…”

Section: Detection Of Biopesticidal Avidin In Transgenic Maizementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The standard method for determining avidin concentration in grain is by ELISA, which is timeconsuming, expensive, and destructive. So, we investigated whether we could use NIRS to segregate kernels with low and high levels of avidin (Kramer et at., 2000). Single maize kernels were manually placed on the quartz window of a fibre-optic bundle attached to a DA7000 spectrometer (Perten Instruments, Springfield, IL, USA).…”

Section: Detection Of Biopesticidal Avidin In Transgenic Maizementioning

confidence: 99%

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Entomological applications of near-infrared spectroscopy.

Throne¹,

Dowell²,

Perez-Mendoza³

et al. 2003

Advances in Stored Product Protection. Proceedings of the 8th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection, Yo

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Our recent work on applications of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to entomological problems is reviewed. 1. Using an automated NIRS system scanning individual wheat kernels at the rate of 15 per minute we were able to differentiate between uninfested kernels and kernels infested with tate-instar larvae of Rhv:opertlza dominic-a, Sitophilus o?yae. or Sitotroga cerea/ella. The ability to rapidly scan individual kernels indicates potential for automated segregation of infested kernels from bulk grain. 2. The automated MRS system was used to differentiate uninfested wheat kernels, kernels infested with rice weevils, and kernels that contained rice weevils that were parasitised by Anisopreroma/us calandrae. Being able to distinguish kernels containing parasitoids would be useful for quality control in commercial insectaries that rear biological control agents, and would be useful for research on natural enemies. 3. The MRS system was used to segregate samples of transgenic maize that contain low and high levels of the protein avidin. Avidin is toxic to a number of insect pests, and iransgenic maize that contains a level of avidin that is toxic to insect pests of stored grain has been developed. 4. A manual MRS system was used to quantify insect fragments in flour. Although the sensitivity is not sufficient to detect insect fragments at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration defect action level (75 fragments per 50 grams of flour), the technique is accurate at an action level of 130 fragments per 50 grams of flour and could be useful for prescreening large numbers of flour samples to select samples for more expensive and labour-intensive chemical analyses. 5. A manual MRS system was used to identify stored-product insect pests to species level. We were able to identify insects to genus with greater than 95% accuracy and to identify insets as being primary or secondary pests with greater than 99% accuracy. Ability to identify insects to species depended on the genus. This technology could be useful to pest managers who may not be familiar with insect taxonomy. 6. The manual MRS system was used to determine chronological age of two primary pests and one secondary pest of stored products.

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Overview of Applications of Plant Biotechnology

Murphy

2004

Handbook of Plant Biotechnology

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The purpose of this chapter is to provide a brief overview of the spectrum of applications of plant biotechnology that are in current use or are under development in research labs around the world. Plant biotechnology, in the sense of the application of recombinant DNA techniques to crop improvement, or the production of valuable molecules in plants, is still a relatively new endeavour. Plants are already used as sources of an immense array of useful molecules. These, especially the starches, proteins and oils in seeds, are raw materials for most of our food and feedstuffs. Plants are also the major sources of fibre for building materials, clothing and paper. Many of our leading drugs were originally or still are derived from phytochemicals, e.g. aspirin or taxol. Therefore, the possibilities for improving current products and making new products by means of plant biotechnology are, in principle, almost limitless. It is considered by many scientists that the tools of plant biotechnology potentially offer humankind one of its most significant opportunities to manage the ever growing and ever changing demands for food, feed and fibre production, while also contributing to the sustainability of agriculture.

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Transgenic avidin maize is resistant to storage insect pests

Cited by 115 publications

References 37 publications

Avidin Expressed in Transgenic Rice Confers Resistance to the Stored-Product Insect PestsTribolium confusumandSitotroga cerealella

Avidin Expressed in Transgenic Rice Confers Resistance to the Stored-Product Insect PestsTribolium confusumandSitotroga cerealella

Entomological applications of near-infrared spectroscopy.

Overview of Applications of Plant Biotechnology

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